ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2016
Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology.
Review in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and risk for ceasing in mothers of preterm infants-Long-term follow-up.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Trial
- Infant Formula Affordability Negatively Impacts Parental Wellbeing, Financial Security and Safe Feeding Practices in the UK.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Lactation Interrupted: PFAS Impact on Capacity to Breastfeed Ignored.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Maternal exercise during lactation remodels obesity-associated mammary metabolism and milk fatty acids, enhancing offspring lipid oxidation.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of mammary gland tissue during ductal morphogenesis, lactation activation, and involution in sows.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- Seasonal Dietary Changes Drive Adaptive Responses in the Gut Microbiota and Function ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mid-Pregnancy Maternal Anxiety Mediates the Association Between Maternal Chronotype and Breastfeeding Duration.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Small metabolites vary in sow milk across the course of lactation, while moringa supplementation and cooling sows exposed to heat stress conditions have limited effects.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- Influence of sample-specific properties on light scattering by human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Effect of antenatal breast milk expression or postnatal dietary intervention on breastfeeding outcomes and human milk composition in women with excess weight: protocol for the Ready, Set, Nourish study, a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluating growth performance, hematological profiles, and metabolic health in Thai crossbred cattle under tropical conditions.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Maternal Adiposity, Milk Production and Removal, and Infant Milk Intake During Established Lactation.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Maternal Egg Consumption During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Little women: the relevance and reliance on mouse models for mammary gland research and next steps for translation.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Review
- Effect of MaternalCurrent developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Characteristics and experiences of lactating women with measured low milk production.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Etiology of Delayed Lactogenesis in Obesity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Consecutive Lactation, Infant Birth Weight and Sex Do Not Associate with Milk Production and Infant Milk Intake in Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed that once lactation is successfully initiated, the primary factor regulating milk production is infant demand. Thus, most interventions have focused on improving breastfeeding education and early lactation support. However, in addition to infant demand, increasing evidence from studies conducted in experimental animal models, production animals, and breastfeeding women suggests that a diverse array of maternal factors may also affect milk production and composition. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of maternal genetics and modifiable factors, such as diet and environmental exposures, on reproductive endocrinology, lactation physiology, and the ability to successfully produce milk. To identify factors that may affect lactation in women, we highlight some information gleaned from studies in experimental animal models and production animals. Finally, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and provide commentary on future research opportunities aimed at improving lactation outcomes in breastfeeding women to improve the health of mothers and their infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.