Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27352377›Full record

Observational studyAdvances in therapy2016

Clinical Outcomes and Biologic Costs of Switching Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Grant W Cannon, Scott L DuVall, Candace L Haroldsen, Liron Caplan, Jeffrey R Curtis, Kaleb Michaud, Ted R Mikuls, Andreas Reimold, David H Collier, George J Joseph and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Advances in therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The value of persistence in treatment with subcutaneous TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2020
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Grant W CannonVeterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Grant.Cannon@va.gov.
Scott L DuVallVeterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Candace L HaroldsenVeterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Liron CaplanDenver VA and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
Jeffrey R CurtisUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Kaleb MichaudUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Ted R MikulsVA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Andreas ReimoldDallas VA and University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
David H CollierAmgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
George J JosephAmgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
David J HarrisonAmgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Brian C SauerVeterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
University of Utah Health Care · USAmgen (United States) · USDenver VA Medical Center · USThe National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and drug/administration costs of treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating TNFi therapy. The analysis compared patients initiating and continuing a single TNFi with patients who subsequently switched to a different TNFi.

methodsData from patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry who initiated treatment with adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab from 2003 to 2010 were analyzed. Outcomes included duration of therapy, Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints (DAS28), and direct drug and drug administration costs.

resultsOf 563 eligible patients, 262 initiated a single TNFi therapy, 142 restarted their initial TNFi after a ≥90-day gap in treatment (interrupted therapy), and 159 switched to a different TNFi. Patients who switched had higher mean DAS28 before starting TNFi therapy than patients with single or interrupted therapy: 5.3 vs 4.5 or 4.6, respectively. Mean duration of the first course was 34.3 months for single therapy, 18.3 months for interrupted therapy, and 17.7 months for switched therapy. Mean post-treatment DAS28 was highest for patients who switched TNFi. Mean annualized costs for first course were $13,800 for single therapy, $13,200 for interrupted therapy, and $14,200 for switched therapy; mean annualized costs for second course were $12,800 for interrupted therapy and $15,100 for switched therapy.

conclusionPatients who switched TNFi had higher pre-treatment DAS28 and higher overall costs than patients who received the same TNFi as either single or interrupted therapy.

fundingThis research was funded by Immunex Corp., a fully owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc., and by VA HSR&D Grant SHP 08-172.

Indexed as

AdalimumabAgedAntirheumatic AgentsArthritis, RheumatoidDrug SubstitutionEtanerceptFemaleHumansInfliximabMaleMiddle AgedObservational Studies as TopicTreatment OutcomeTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaUnited StatesVeteransAdalimumabAntirheumatic AgentsEtanerceptInfliximabTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAdalimumabBiologicsCostEtanerceptInfliximabRheumatoid arthritisRheumatologySwitchingTumor necrosis factorVeterans affairs

Identifiers

PMID27352377
PMCPMC4969320
OpenAlexW2474140472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.