ArticleSpringerPlus2016
Do women reduce the gap to men in ultra-marathon running?
Article in SpringerPlus, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in the world's longest triathlon in history.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Race course characteristics are the most important predictors in 48 h ultramarathon running.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of the 50-mile ultramarathon distance using a predictive XGBoost model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Observational
- Analysis of the 10-day ultra-marathon using a predictive XG boost model.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- The fastest 24-hour ultramarathoners are from Eastern Europe.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes.PloS one · 2024Article
- An analysis of the São Silvestre race between 2007-2021: An increase in participation but a decrease in performance.Sports medicine and health science · 2023Article
- Pacing Variation in Multistage Ultramarathons: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Variability and the form-function framework in evolutionary biomechanics and human locomotion.Evolutionary human sciences · 2022Review
- Neuromuscular Fatigability Associated with Different Pacing Strategies During an Ultra-Endurance Pull-Up Task: A Case Study.International journal of exercise science · 2022Article
- Pacing and Body Weight Changes During a Mountain Ultramarathon: Sex Differences and Performance.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Changes in Sex Difference in Time-Limited Ultra-Cycling Races from 6 Hours to 24 Hours.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Do Sex Differences in Physiology Confer a Female Advantage in Ultra-Endurance Sport?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- An Analysis of Participation and Performance of 2067 100-km Ultra-Marathons Worldwide.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Expanding the Gap: An Updated Look Into Sex Differences in Running Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Inspiratory and Lower-Limb Strength Importance in Mountain Ultramarathon Running. Sex Differences and Relationship with Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Can the Performance Gap between Women and Men be Reduced in Ultra-Cycling?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine sex differences across years in performance of runners in ultra-marathons lasting from 6 h to 10 days (i.e. 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144, and 240 h). Data of 32,187 finishers competing between 1975 and 2013 with 93,109 finishes were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. With increasing age, the sex gap for all race durations increased. Across calendar years, the gap between women and men decreased in 6, 72, 144 and 240 h, but increased in 24 and 48 h. The men-to-women ratio differed among age groups, where a higher ratio was observed in the older age groups, and this relationship varied by distance. In all durations of ultra-marathon, the participation of women and men varied by age (p < 0.001), indicating a relatively low participation of women in the older age groups. In summary, between 1975 and 2013, women were able to reduce the gap to men for most of timed ultra-marathons and for those age groups where they had relatively high participation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.