Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27349789›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2016

Controlled release of NELL-1 protein from chitosan/hydroxyapatite-modified TCP particles.

Yulong Zhang, Rui Dong, Yujin Park, Marc Bohner, Xinli Zhang, Kang Ting, Chia Soo, Benjamin M Wu

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. NELL-1: role and mechanisms in disease pathogenesis and development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Role of NEL‑like molecule‑1 in osteogenesis/chondrogenesis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Yulong ZhangDepartment of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Rui DongBeijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
Yujin ParkDepartment of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Marc BohnerRMS Foundation, Bischmattstr. 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland.
Xinli ZhangWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Kang TingWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Chia SooWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Benjamin M WuDepartment of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: benwu@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · USCapital Medical University · CNRMS Foundation · CH

Funding

NELL-1's functional role in cartilage regenerationR01AR068835 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EASLEY, JEREMIAH, SOO, CHIA · 2015 to 2019
$2.2M
NELL-1 Systemic Therapy for OsteoporosisR01AR066782 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EASLEY, JEREMIAH, TING, KANG · 2014 to 2018
$2.0M
Combined Effect of Noggin Suppression and Nell-1 on Bone RegenerationR01AR060213 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LEE, MIN · 2011 to 2015
$1.7M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR060213NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR066782NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR068835
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

NEL-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) is a novel osteogenic protein that showing high specificity to osteochondral cells. It was widely used in bone regeneration research by loading onto carriers such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles. However, there has been little research on protein controlled release from this material and its potential application. In this study, TCP was first modified with a hydroxyapatite coating followed by a chitosan coating to prepare chitosan/hydroxyapatite-coated TCP particles (Chi/HA-TCP). The preparation was characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, FM and Zeta potential measurements. The NELL-1 loaded Chi/HA-TCP particles and the release kinetics were investigated in vitro. It was observed that the Chi/HA-TCP particles prepared with the 0.3% (wt/wt) chitosan solution were able to successfully control the release of NELL-1 and maintain a slow, steady release for up to 28 days. Furthermore, more than 78% of the loaded protein's bioactivity was preserved in Chi/HA-TCP particles over the period of the investigation, which was significantly higher than that of the protein released from hydroxyapatite coated TCP (HA-TCP) particles. Collectively, this study suggests that the osteogenic protein NELL-1 showed a sustained release pattern after being encapsulated into the modified Chi/HA-TCP particles, and the NELL-1 integrated composite of Chi/HA-TCP showed a potential to function as a protein delivery carrier and as an improved bone matrix for use in bone regeneration research.

Indexed as

AnimalsCalcium-Binding ProteinsCalcium PhosphatesCells, CulturedChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersDurapatiteGlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOsteoblastsCalcium-Binding ProteinsCalcium PhosphatesChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersDurapatiteGlycoproteinsNell1 protein, mousetricalcium phosphateBioactivityChitosanHydroxyapatiteNELL-1Release kineticsTCP

Identifiers

PMID27349789
PMCPMC6705139
OpenAlexW2464899303

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.