ReviewFrontiers of hormone research2016
Exercise, Training, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men and Women.
Review in Frontiers of hormone research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of exercise interventions on negative affect, pain, and fatigue in women with premenstrual syndrome.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Endogenous transient doping: physical exercise acutely increases testosterone levels-results from a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Health Benefits of Endurance Training: Implications of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-A Systematic Review.Neural plasticity · 2019Pooled it
- The relationship between abdominal fat and sleep quality after combined exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- The Effects of 6 Weeks ofNutrients · 2021Trial
- High-intensity interval training and essential amino acid supplementation: Effects on muscle characteristics and whole-body protein turnover.Physiological reports · 2021Trial
- Physiological Basis of Sex Differences in Human Performance and Exercise-Associated Pathology.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Physiological Outcomes of Physical Activity Interventions in Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms: A Scoping Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Meteorin-like protein may be a mediator of exercise-related reproductive disorders in female rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sexual function in chronic illness and cancer perspectives of the patient, partner, and healthcare provider; innovations; and updates: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024).Sexual medicine reviews · 2026Review
- Hormone Fluctuations, Dietary Intake, and Daily Activity in Premenopausal Women: An 8-Week Observational Study.Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating ACTH and Cortisol Investigations in Standardbred Racehorses Under Training and Racing Sessions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Impact of Physical Exercise on Male Fertility Through Its Association with Various Processes and Aspects of Human Biology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Untargeted Metabolomics and Proteomics-Based Research of the Long-Term Exercise on Human Body.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Association between the oxidative balance score and testosterone deficiency: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES, 2011-2016.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia of Varying Severity on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses Following Resistance Exercise in Men and Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of the various physical activity patterns with low bone mineral density in Americans aged 20-60.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Association of Regular and Weekend Warrior Physical Activity Patterns with Gynecologic Cancer Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2007-2018.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Exercise and endometriosis-is there a promising future? A narrative review.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Review
- Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Physical Performance and Subjective Ratings in Elite Academy Women Soccer Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is essential for adequate responses to exercise and training both acutely and chronically. Both testosterone and estrogen play leading roles in neuromuscular adaptation to exercise in males and females. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the physiological and pathological changes that occur in the HPG axis secondary to exercise and training. In males, testosterone increases with acute bouts of exercise, but long-term effects are less clear, with evidence of lower testosterone in endurance athletes. Restricted energy availability may negatively affect hormone levels in male endurance athletes, but data regarding low energy availability and its impact on the HPG axis are limited in male athletes. Conversely, in females there is significant evidence that decreased energy availability inhibits the HPG axis, leading to menstrual irregularities and lower bone density. Hormonal changes secondary to acute bouts of exercise are more challenging to interpret in females due to menstrual variability, which traditionally has not been taken into account in many studies. However, some evidence supports an increase in testosterone and estradiol with acute exercise. More work is needed to elucidate the relationships among energy availability, basal hormonal fluctuations, and exercise, and their collective effects on the HPG axis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.