ArticlePloS one2016
Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Hypertension Screening and Treatment in Adults with Hypertension in Rural Nigeria in the Context of a Health Insurance Program.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Population Screening Programs for Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention for Hypertension Control in Low-Income Settings in Argentina.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Implementation of cardiovascular disease risk prediction scores in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Costs and Budget Impact of a Health System Strengthening Intervention for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Care in Ghana.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Estimating investment costs to improve hypertension care in Lagos, Nigeria.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Use of mathematical modelling to estimate the impact of interventions and risk factors on cardiovascular diseases in Africa: A scoping review.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2026Review
- "Journal of ageing and longevity · 2025Article
- Application of decision analytic modelling to cardiovascular disease prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical intervention for hypertension in a rural district of the Republic of Zambia: a model-based economic evaluation.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Health Interventions May Have Divergent Impacts on Health and Economic Equity: A Case Study of the Community-Based Hypertension Improvement Project in Ghana.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Estimated health benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of eliminating industrial transBMJ global health · 2024Article
- Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Direct Costs of Hypertension Treatment in Iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Economic evaluations of non-communicable diseases conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa: a critical review of data sources.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Personalized Hypertension Prevention.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Coping with hypertensive treatment at Bono Regional Hospital in Sunyani, Ghana: a prospective observational cohort study.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Observational
- Article
- Cost of illness of non-communicable diseases in private and public health facilities in Nigeria: a qualitative and quantitative approach.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a Community-based Hypertension Improvement Project (ComHIP) in Ghana: results from a modelling study.BMJ open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh blood pressure is a leading risk factor for death and disability in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We evaluated the costs and cost-effectiveness of hypertension care provided within the Kwara State Health Insurance (KSHI) program in rural Nigeria.
methodsA Markov model was developed to assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of population-level hypertension screening and subsequent antihypertensive treatment for the population at-risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) within the KSHI program. The primary outcome was the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted in the KSHI scenario compared to no access to hypertension care. We used setting-specific and empirically-collected data to inform the model. We defined two strategies to assess eligibility for antihypertensive treatment based on 1) presence of hypertension grade 1 and 10-year CVD risk of >20%, or grade 2 hypertension irrespective of 10-year CVD risk (hypertension and risk based strategy) and 2) presence of hypertension in combination with a CVD risk of >20% (risk based strategy). We generated 95% confidence intervals around the primary outcome through probabilistic sensitivity analysis. We conducted one-way sensitivity analyses across key model parameters and assessed the sensitivity of our results to the performance of the reference scenario.
resultsScreening and treatment for hypertension was potentially cost-effective but the results were sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions with a wide range of uncertainty. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the first and second strategy respectively ranged from US$ 1,406 to US$ 7,815 and US$ 732 to US$ 2,959 per DALY averted, depending on the assumptions on risk reduction after treatment and compared to no access to antihypertensive treatment.
conclusionsHypertension care within a subsidized private health insurance program may be cost-effective in rural Nigeria and public-private partnerships such as the KSHI program may provide opportunities to finance CVD prevention care in SSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.