Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27348157›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in chemical biology2016

Harnessing cyanine photooxidation: from slowing photobleaching to near-IR uncaging.

Alexander P Gorka, Martin J Schnermann

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in chemical biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Crosstalk-Free Real-Time Precision Opto-Control of Biochemical Processes Through Intra-Pixel Optical Decoupling.Chemistry methods : new approaches to solving problems in chemistry · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. A hydrophobic photouncaging reaction to profile the lipid droplet interactome in tissues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Light-Activated Anti-Vascular Combination Therapy against Choroidal Neovascularization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Light in a Heartbeat: Bond Scission by a Single Photon above 800 nm.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Alexander P GorkaChemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Martin J SchnermannChemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Electronic address: martin.schnermann@nih.gov.

Funding

Synthesis and evaluation of small-molecule imaging agentsZIABC011506 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI SCHNERMANN, MARTIN · 2013 to 2025
$12.1M
Near-IR Photorelease Chemistry: Discovery and ApplicationsZIABC011564 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI SCHNERMANN, MARTIN · 2014 to 2025
$9.5M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CA999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Light provides a uniquely powerful stimulus to help visualize and/or perturb biological systems. The use of tissue penetrant near-IR wavelengths enables in vivo applications, however the design of molecules that function in this range remains a substantial challenge. Heptamethine cyanine fluorophores are already important tools for near-IR optical imaging. These molecules are susceptible to photobleaching through a photooxidative cleavage reaction. This review details efforts to define the mechanism of this reaction and two emerging fields closely tied to this process. In the first, efforts that slow photooxidation enable the creation of photobleaching resistant fluorophores. In the second, cyanine photooxidation has recently been employed as the cornerstone of a near-IR uncaging strategy. This review seeks to highlight the utility of mechanistic organic chemistry insights to help tailor cyanine scaffolds for new, and previously intractable, biological applications.

Indexed as

PhotobleachingDrug Delivery SystemsFluorescent DyesOxidation-ReductionPhotochemistrySpectroscopy, Near-InfraredFluorescent Dyes

Identifiers

PMID27348157
PMCPMC7383357

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.