Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27346756›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine2016

Using behavioral economic theory to increase use of effective contraceptives among opioid-maintained women at risk of unintended pregnancy.

Sarah H Heil, Dennis J Hand, Stacey C Sigmon, Gary J Badger, Marjorie C Meyer, Stephen T Higgins

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sarah H HeilVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Electronic address: sarah.heil@uvm.edu.
Dennis J HandDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Stacey C SigmonVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Gary J BadgerDepartment of Medical Biostatistics(4), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Marjorie C MeyerDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Stephen T HigginsVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
University of Vermont · US

Funding

TRAINING IN BEHAV. PHARMACOLOGY OF HUMAN DRUG DEPENDENCET32DA007242 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HEIL, SARAH H, HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 1990 to 2025
$8.2M
Improving effective contraceptive use among opioid-maintained womenR34DA030534 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HEIL, SARAH H · 2011 to 2012
$604k
NIDA NIH HHS R34 DA030534NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007242
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAn unsettling aspect of the US opioid epidemic is the high rate of in utero exposure, especially since most of these pregnancies are unintended, due in part to low rates of effective contraceptive use among opioid-using women. This study tested an intervention informed by behavioral economic theory and aimed at promoting effective contraceptive use among opioid-maintained women at risk of unintended pregnancy in the Burlington, VT, area between 2011 and 2013.

methodsThirty-one women were assigned (initial 5 consecutively, subsequent 26 randomly) to either usual care or an experimental intervention. Participants in usual care received condoms, a dose of emergency contraception, and referral to local providers. Participants in the experimental condition received usual care plus the World Health Organization's contraception initiation protocol, including free prescription contraceptives, and financial incentives for attending 13 follow-up visits over 6months to help manage side effects and other issues.

resultsSignificantly more women in the experimental vs. usual care control conditions initiated prescription contraceptive use (100% vs. 29%) and reported prescription contraceptive use at 1-month (63% vs. 13%), 3-month (88% vs. 20%), and 6-month (94% vs. 13%) assessments. None of the experimental condition participants became pregnant during the 6-month protocol vs. three women (20%) in the control condition.

conclusionsThese results provide the first experimental evidence supporting the efficacy of an intervention for increasing prescription contraceptive use among opioid-maintained women at risk of unintended pregnancy.

Indexed as

Economics, BehavioralPregnancy, UnplannedAdultCondomsContraceptionContraceptive AgentsFemaleHumansMotivationOpioid-Related DisordersPatient CompliancePregnancyContraceptive AgentsBehavioral economicsBirth controlContraceptivesIncentivesLong-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)Opioid substitution therapyUnintended pregnancy

Identifiers

PMID27346756
PMCPMC5085886
OpenAlexW2470849908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.