ArticleJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV2016
TOX expression and role in CTCL.
Article in Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin Cancer in People of Color: A Systematic Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2022Pooled it
- Low expression of TOX predicts poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer in the real world: A retrospective study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Cutaneous T cell lymphoma atlas reveals malignant TNature immunology · 2024Article
- The Tox Gene Encodes Two Proteins with Distinct and Shared Roles in Gene Regulation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- TOX regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and its function in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- TOX Outperforms FOXP3, CD4 and GATA3 in Histopathological Diagnosis of Early Mycosis Fungoides.Turk patoloji dergisi · 2023Article
- TOX Expression in Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The TOX subfamily: all-round players in the immune system.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Immunohistochemical Expression Patterns of CD45RO, p105/p50, JAK3, TOX, and IL-17 in Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- High Expression of IKZF2 in Malignant T Cells Promotes Disease Progression in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Article
- Review
- Diagnosis of Early Mycosis Fungoides.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Is immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 helpful in the differential diagnosis of transformed mycosis fungoides and primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders?Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Article
- Normal and cancer fibroblasts differentially regulate TWIST1, TOX and cytokine gene expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- NLRP3 Regulates IL-4 Expression in TOXFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Tissue Compartment-Specific Plasticity of Mycosis Fungoides Tumor Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Stage-dependent Increase in Expression of miR-155 and Ki-67 and Number of Tumour-associated Inflammatory Cells in Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2020Article
- Increased Expression of Delta-like Ligand 4 in Mycosis Fungoides.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2020Article
- Diagnosis of T-cell lymphoid proliferations of the skin: putting all the pieces together.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are skin malignancies including mycosis fungoides (MF) and CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). In early disease, CTCL can be difficult to diagnose, especially in MF for which there is no reliable diagnostic marker. MF/CTCL have increased expression of thymocyte selection-associated HMG box protein (TOX). Although TOX has been proposed to be a diagnostic marker for MF, further validation studies are needed. Moreover, it is unclear what drives TOX expression or its role in MF/CTCL.
objectiveWe hypothesize evaluation of TOX levels across a spectrum of CTCL, including MF precursor (large plaque parapsoriasis, LPP), will help elucidate the implications of altered TOX expression. MATERIALS AND
methodsTOX staining was performed in MF, CD30(+) LPD, LPP as well as benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID) and normal skin (NS). CTCL cell lines were utilized to evaluate the regulation of TOX.
resultsPositive TOX expression was identified in 73.6% of MF cases and in 31.6% of BID/NS. TOX had a positive predictive value (PPV) for MF of 86.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 48.1%. TOX expression in MF was detected more commonly in Black patients (P = 0.015) and less commonly in transformed MF (P = 0.045). LPP had positive TOX staining in 70.0%. In CTCL cells, GATA3 knockdown decreased TOX mRNA and protein expression. TOX expression also decreased in the presence of CTCL therapeutics.
conclusionOur data indicate that TOX is useful as a diagnostic marker in MF. Moreover, TOX expression was evident in LPP, indicating it may have a previously unappreciated role in the development of MF. Finally, our data suggest that GATA3 regulates TOX, revealing insight into TOX regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.