ReviewAddiction biology2016
How to study sex differences in addiction using animal models.
Review in Addiction biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ovarian Hormones and Addictive Behaviour Vulnerability: Insights From Preclinical Studies.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors contribute to the accelerated development of enhanced motivation for cocaine in female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins and Substance Use Disorders: From Lipid Signaling to Therapeutic Targets.Genes · 2026Review
- Preclinical Evaluation of Dual NOP/Mu Partial Agonists for Methamphetamine Use Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex chromosome genes contribute to cocaine vulnerability in a strain-dependent manner.Research square · 2026Article
- Prelimbic cortex is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in both resistant and sensitive mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of β-Nicotyrine in E-Cigarette abuse liability I: Drug Discrimination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on extended-access oxycodone self-administration and cue-induced drug seeking behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Subregion specific neuroadaptations in the female rat striatum during acute and protracted withdrawal from nicotine.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Gender-Specific Interactions in a Visual Object Recognition Task in Persons with Opioid Use Disorder.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Poor inhibitory control predicts sex-specific vulnerability to nicotine rewarding properties in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Impact of fluoxetine preexposure on MDMA-induced taste avoidance in male and female rats.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats.Brain structure & function · 2023Article
- Sex differences in susceptibility to substance use disorder: Role for X chromosome inactivation and escape?Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2023Review
- Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats.Research square · 2023Article
- mGlu5 inhibition in the basolateral amygdala prevents estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Choice between food and cocaine reinforcers under fixed and variable schedules in female and male rhesus monkeys.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The importance of studying sex as a biological variable in biomedical research is becoming increasingly apparent. There is a particular need in preclinical studies of addiction to include both sexes, as female animals are often excluded from studies, leaving large gaps in our knowledge of not only sex differences and potential prevention and treatment strategies but also with regard to the basic neurobiology of addiction. This review focuses on methodology that has been developed in preclinical studies to examine sex differences in the behavioral aspects and neurobiological mechanisms related to addiction across the full range of the addiction process, including initiation (acquisition), maintenance, escalation, withdrawal, relapse to drug seeking and treatment. This review also discusses strategic and technical issues that need to be considered when comparing females and males, including the role of ovarian hormones and how sex differences interact with other major vulnerability factors in addiction, such as impulsivity, compulsivity and age (adolescent versus adult). Novel treatments for addiction are also discussed, such as competing non-drug rewards, repurposed medications such as progesterone and treatment combinations. Practical aspects of conducting research comparing female and male animals are also considered. Making sex differences a point of examination requires additional effort and consideration; however, such studies are necessary given mounting evidence demonstrating that the addiction process occurs differently in males and females. These studies should lead to a better understanding of individual differences in the development of addiction and effective treatments for males and females.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.