ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2016
Environmental Determinants of Aggression in Adolescents: Role of Urban Neighborhood Greenspace.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Association between exposure to greenness and atopic march in children and adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Life Course Nature Exposure and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review Exploring the Economic Valuation of Accessing and Using Green and Blue Spaces to Improve Public Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Green Space Exposure on Children's and Adolescents' Mental Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- The Effect of a Theory-Based Educational Intervention on Reducing Aggressive Behavior among Male Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Community Safety Needs and Resources and Their Alignment: A Case Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Nature is nurture: a scoping review of nature exposure as an equigenic intervention on children's psychological health.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Predicting neighborhood-level violence from features of the physical and social environment with machine learning.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among schoolchildren.Child and adolescent mental health · 2025Article
- Natural environment satisfaction moderates the protective effect of legal cognition on adolescent aggression.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Healing spaces: a retrospective cohort study on the effect of outdoor spaces in psychiatric inpatient units on PRN medication use, seclusion/restraints, and constant observation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Advocating for planetary health is an essential part of advocating for children's health.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Association between exposure to greenspace and ECG abnormalities in China: a nationwide longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Increased urban greenspace in childhood associated with lower inattention deficit among adolescents.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- "Urban-Satellite" estimates in the ABCD Study: Linking Neuroimaging and Mental Health to Satellite Imagery Measurements of Macro Environmental Factors.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The Association between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems in Typically Developing and Neurodiverse Children and Young People: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Multilevel and general linear modeling of weather and time effects on the emotional and behavioral states of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Relationship Between Greenspace Exposure and Psychopathology Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNeighborhood greenspace improves mental health of urban-dwelling populations, but its putative neurobehavioral benefits in adolescents remain unclear. We conducted a prospective study on urban-dwelling adolescents to examine the association between greenspace in residential neighborhood and aggressive behaviors.
methodParticipants (n = 1,287) of the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study, a multi-ethnic cohort of twins and triplets born in 1990 to 1995 and living in Southern California, were examined in 2000 to 2012 (aged 9-18 years) with repeated assessments of their aggressive behaviors by the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery was used as a proxy for residential neighborhood greenspace aggregated over various spatiotemporal scales before each assessment. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to estimate the effects of greenspace on aggressive behaviors, adjusting for within-family/within-individual correlations and other potential confounders.
resultsBoth short-term (1- to 6-month) and long-term (1- to 3-year) exposures to greenspace within 1,000 meters surrounding residences were associated with reduced aggressive behaviors. The benefit of increasing vegetation over the range (∼0.12 in NDVI) commonly seen in urban environments was equivalent to approximately 2 to 2.5 years of behavioral maturation. Sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and neighborhood quality did not confound or modify these associations, and the benefits remained after accounting for temperature.
conclusionOur novel findings support the benefits of neighborhood greenspace in reducing aggressive behaviors of urban-dwelling adolescents. Community-based interventions are needed to determine the efficacy of greenspace as a preemptive strategy to reduce aggressive behaviors in urban environments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.