ReviewJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2016
A Bacterial Component to Alzheimer's-Type Dementia Seen via a Systems Biology Approach that Links Iron Dysregulation and Inflammagen Shedding to Disease.
Review in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Assessing the Health and Functionality of the Microcirculation Using Thermal Imaging.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Review
- Uncovering the hidden biology of fibrinaloid microclot complexes in complex, inflammatory diseases.QRB discovery · 2026Review
- A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Promising Role of Selenium and Yeast in the Fight Against Protein Amyloidosis.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Impact on Human Health ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fibrinaloid Microclots and Atrial Fibrillation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications.Translational neurodegeneration · 2021Review
- Article
- MicroRNA-146a switches microglial phenotypes to resist the pathological processes and cognitive degradation of Alzheimer's disease.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Constipation and sleep behaviour disorder associate with processing speed and attention in males with Parkinson's disease over five years follow-up.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2020Review
- Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Modulates Microglia Phenotypes in the Models of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The gut microbiome: an unexpected player in cancer immunity.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2020Review
- Gingipain R1 and Lipopolysaccharide FromFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Subclinical Lipopolysaccharide fromToxins · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a great many observable changes, both molecular and physiological. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and (more proximal to cognitive decline) the death of neuronal and other cells. A systems biology approach seeks to organize these observed variables into pathways that discriminate those that are highly involved (i.e., causative) from those that are more usefully recognized as bystander effects. We review the evidence that iron dysregulation is one of the central causative pathway elements here, as this can cause each of the above effects. In addition, we review the evidence that dormant, non-growing bacteria are a crucial feature of AD, that their growth in vivo is normally limited by a lack of free iron, and that it is this iron dysregulation that is an important factor in their resuscitation. Indeed, bacterial cells can be observed by ultrastructural microscopy in the blood of AD patients. A consequence of this is that the growing cells can shed highly inflammatory components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These too are known to be able to induce (apoptotic and pyroptotic) neuronal cell death. There is also evidence that these systems interact with elements of vitamin D metabolism. This integrative systems approach has strong predictive power, indicating (as has indeed been shown) that both natural and pharmaceutical iron chelators might have useful protective roles in arresting cognitive decline, and that a further assessment of the role of microbes in AD development is more than highly warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.