ArticleInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2016
Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014.
Article in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolation and identification of the H9N2 virus that caused the decline in poultry egg production in Indonesia from 2011 to 2018 using the RT-PCR-sequencing method.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Potential risk zones and climatic factors influencing the occurrence and persistence of avian influenza viruses in the environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Article
- Current situation and control strategies of H9N2 avian influenza in South Korea.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Review
- Antigenic Evolution Characteristics and Immunological Evaluation of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from 1994-2019 in China.Viruses · 2022Article
- Estimation of Avian Influenza Viruses in Water Environments of Live Poultry Markets in Changsha, China, 2014 to 2018.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Emerging threats and vaccination strategies of H9N2 viruses in poultry in Indonesia: A review.F1000Research · 2022Review
- Antigen-capture ELISA and immunochromatographic test strip to detect the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus rapidly based on monoclonal antibodies.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Antibodies to Highly Pathogenic A/H5Nx (Clade 2.3.4.4) Influenza Viruses in the Sera of Vietnamese Residents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetic determinants of receptor-binding preference and zoonotic potential of H9N2 avian influenza viruses.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Avian Influenza (H9N2 Subtype) in Iranian Broiler Farms: A Cross-sectional Study.Archives of Razi Institute · 2020Article
- H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Poultry trading behaviours in Vietnamese live bird markets as risk factors for avian influenza infection in chickens.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2019Article
- Bayesian phylodynamics of avian influenza A virus H9N2 in Asia with time-dependent predictors of migration.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2019Review
- The evolution and genetic diversity of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in Cambodia, 2015 - 2016.PloS one · 2019Article
- Prevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5) and A(H9) Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Salmonella Gallinarum delivering M2eCD40L in protein and DNA formats acts as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and H9N2 infection in chickens.Veterinary research · 2018Article
- Zoonotic Influenza and Human Health-Part 1: Virology and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Influenzas.Current infectious disease reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and there is limited understanding of influenza H9 epidemiology and transmission dynamics. We determined prevalence and diversity of influenza A viruses in chickens from live bird markets (LBM) of 7 northern Vietnamese provinces, using pooled oropharyngeal swabs collected from October to December 2014. Screening by real time RT-PCR revealed 1207/4900 (24.6%) of pooled swabs to be influenza A virus positive; overall prevalence estimates after accounting for pooling (5 swabs/pools) were 5.8% (CI 5.4-6.0). Subtyping was performed on 468 pooled swabs with M gene Ct<26. No influenza H7 was detected; 422 (90.1%) were H9 positive; and 22 (4.7%) were H5 positive. There was no evidence was of interaction between H9 and H5 virus detection rates. We sequenced 17 whole genomes of A/H9N2, 2 of A/H5N6, and 11 partial genomes. All H9N2 viruses had internal genes that clustered with genotype 57 and were closely related to Chinese human isolates of A/H7N9 and A/H10N8. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 98%, we identified 9 distinct H9 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple introductions of H9 viruses to northern Vietnam rather than in-situ transmission. Further investigations of H9 prevalence and diversity in other regions of Vietnam are warranted to assess H9 endemicity elsewhere in the country.
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