Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27339989›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016

Neuronal subtypes and diversity revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the human brain.

Blue B Lake, Rizi Ai, Gwendolyn E Kaeser, Neeraj S Salathia, Yun C Yung, Rui Liu, Andre Wildberg, Derek Gao, Ho-Lim Fung, Song Chen and 11 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05942339 (Study on Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of the ARC Therapy Using the ARC-IM Lumbar System to Support Mobility in People With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 580 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
580citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
60.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05942339 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Study on Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of the ARC Therapy Using the ARC-IM Lumbar System to Support Mobility in People With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

TypeinterventionalSponsorEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneRan2023 to 2027Enrolled8ConditionsSpinal Cord InjuriesArmsProcedure/Surgery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

580 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,062 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with plasma oxytocin levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023
    Trial
  3. Interpretable scRNA-seq Analysis with Intelligent Gene Selection.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  4. Adversarial random forests for omics synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Transcriptional divergence of the zebrafishbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

520 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Blue B LakeDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Rizi AiDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Gwendolyn E KaeserDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Neeraj S SalathiaIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA.
Yun C YungDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Rui LiuDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Andre WildbergDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Derek GaoDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ho-Lim FungDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Song ChenDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Raakhee VijayaraghavanIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA.
Julian WongDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Allison ChenDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Xiaoyan ShengDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Fiona KaperIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard ShenIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA.
Mostafa RonaghiIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jian-Bing FanIllumina, San Diego, CA, USA. kzhang@bioeng.ucsd.edu jchun@scripps.edu wei-wang@ucsd.edu jianbing_fan@yahoo.com.
Wei WangDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. kzhang@bioeng.ucsd.edu jchun@scripps.edu wei-wang@ucsd.edu jianbing_fan@yahoo.com.
Jerold ChunDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. kzhang@bioeng.ucsd.edu jchun@scripps.edu wei-wang@ucsd.edu jianbing_fan@yahoo.com.
Kun ZhangDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. kzhang@bioeng.ucsd.edu jchun@scripps.edu wei-wang@ucsd.edu jianbing_fan@yahoo.com.
University of California, San Diego · USIllumina (United States) · USScripps Research Institute · US

Funding

VIRAL MALIGNANCYP30CA023100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Jesse Nodora · 1985 to 2026
$124.9M
Single-cell sequencing and in situ mapping of RNA transcripts in human brainsU01MH098977 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ZHANG, KUN · 2012 to 2016
$9.8M
TRAINING IN THE NEUROPLASTICITY OF AGINGT32AG000216 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KOO, EDWARD H. · 1992 to 2017
$8.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023100NIA NIH HHS 5T32AG000216-24NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000216NIMH NIH HHS 1U01MH098977NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH098977
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human brain has enormously complex cellular diversity and connectivities fundamental to our neural functions, yet difficulties in interrogating individual neurons has impeded understanding of the underlying transcriptional landscape. We developed a scalable approach to sequence and quantify RNA molecules in isolated neuronal nuclei from a postmortem brain, generating 3227 sets of single-neuron data from six distinct regions of the cerebral cortex. Using an iterative clustering and classification approach, we identified 16 neuronal subtypes that were further annotated on the basis of known markers and cortical cytoarchitecture. These data demonstrate a robust and scalable method for identifying and categorizing single nuclear transcriptomes, revealing shared genes sufficient to distinguish previously unknown and orthologous neuronal subtypes as well as regional identity and transcriptomic heterogeneity within the human brain.

Indexed as

TranscriptomeCell NucleusCerebral CortexGene Expression ProfilingHumansNeuronsSequence Analysis, RNA

Identifiers

PMID27339989
PMCPMC5038589
OpenAlexW2471513101

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.