ArticleNature communications2016
Circadian regulation of human cortical excitability.
Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06656533 (Improving Insomnia Treatment by Optimizing Timing of rTMS Administration), which is not on this map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Insomnia Treatment by Optimizing Timing of rTMS Administration
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation on sleep quality in Student-Athletes with different types of sleep disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- The neurobiological markers of acute alcohol's subjective effects in humans.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Diminished corticomotor excitability in Gulf War Illness related chronic pain symptoms; evidence from TMS study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Effects of circadian misalignment on cognition in chronic shift workers.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Diurnal dynamics of multilayer brain networks predict cognitive trajectories in aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Acute Sleep Deprivation Is Associated with Altered F-Wave Temporal Dynamics and Nasalis Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Responses: A Paired Electrophysiological Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Precision in Delivery, Variability in Response: A Multiscale Mechanistic Framework for Neuronavigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Modulation of neuronal excitability and plasticity by BHLHE41 conveys lithium non-responsiveness.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Inhibitory Decay and Supercritical Brain Dynamics During Sleep Deprivation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A circadian clock gene homolog regulates developmental timing and male mating circuitry iniScience · 2026Article
- Human data at odds and in confirmation of the two-process model of sleep regulation-a perspective.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
- Differential Effects of Morning Versus Afternoon Accelerated High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sleep Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients With Schizophrenia: Retrospective Cohort Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Dissection of the Shared Genetic Architecture Between Sleep Traits and Epilepsy.Biology · 2026Article
- Cortical excitability is affected by light exposure - Distinct effects in adolescents and young adults.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2026Article
- Article
- Human Cerebral Blood Flow Activity with Diurnal Variation Differentially Correlated with the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Eccentric Cycling Improves Motor Learning More Than Concentric Cycling.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Association of cognitive ability and sleep duration with headache : insights from a Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.BMC public health · 2026Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prolonged wakefulness alters cortical excitability, which is essential for proper brain function and cognition. However, besides prior wakefulness, brain function and cognition are also affected by circadian rhythmicity. Whether the regulation of cognition involves a circadian impact on cortical excitability is unknown. Here, we assessed cortical excitability from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in 22 participants during 29 h of wakefulness under constant conditions. Data reveal robust circadian dynamics of cortical excitability that are strongest in those individuals with highest endocrine markers of circadian amplitude. In addition, the time course of cortical excitability correlates with changes in EEG synchronization and cognitive performance. These results demonstrate that the crucial factor for cortical excitability, and basic brain function in general, is the balance between circadian rhythmicity and sleep need, rather than sleep homoeostasis alone. These findings have implications for clinical applications such as non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.