SynthesisCNS drugs2016
Pharmacologic Neuroprotection for Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Literature.
Synthesis in CNS drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05095857 (S-ketamine for Cortical Spreading Depolarisation in Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
S-ketamine for Cortical Spreading Depolarisation in Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ketamine for Critically Ill Patients with Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Neurocritical care · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cerebrolysin after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: prospective meta-analysis of the CAPTAIN trial series.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Drugs with anti-inflammatory effects to improve outcome of traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in neurorecovery after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: results from the CAPTAIN II trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Trial
- The Effect of Cerebrolysin on the Predictive Value of Baseline Prognostic Risk Score in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of medicine and lifeTrial
- Overlapping pathways of migraine and the endocannabinoid system: Potential therapeutic targets.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathways and Perspectives.Neurocritical care · 2026Review
- The Effect ofNeuroSci · 2025Article
- Evaluating Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine Ratios in Mixed Cortical Cell Cultures Following Cortical Trauma: An In Vitro Assessment.International journal of translational medicine (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Development and Validation of a Neuro-Intensive Care Protocol for Traumatic Brain Injury Management.Cureus · 2025Article
- Intravenous Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles Prevent Secondary Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Article
- Sortilin is dispensable for secondary injury processes following traumatic brain injury in mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Ring Opening Functionalization of Thiolactone Homopolymers for ROS Scavenging.Journal of polymer science (2020) · 2024Article
- Antioxidant theranostic copolymer-mediated reduction in oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury improves outcome in a mouse model.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors for Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Enhancement of the liver's neuroprotective role ameliorates traumatic brain injury pathology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Brain Trauma and the Secondary Cascade in Humans: Review of the Potential Role of Vitamins in Reparative Processes and Functional Outcome.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The deleterious effects of secondary brain injury may be attenuated by early pharmacological therapy in the emergency room and intensive care unit (ICU). Current medical management of acute TBI is primarily supportive, aimed at reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) and optimizing cerebral perfusion. There are no pharmacological therapies to date that have been unequivocally demonstrated to improve neurological outcomes after TBI.
objectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the recent clinical studies from January 2013 through November 2015 that investigated neuroprotective functional outcomes of pharmacological agents after TBI.
methodsThe following databases were searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE (OvidSP January Week 1, 2013-November Week 2 2015), Embase (OvidSP 2013 January 1-2015 November 24), and the unindexed material in PubMed (National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health [NLM/NIH]). This systematic review included only full-length clinical studies and case series that included at least five patients and were published in the English language. Only studies that examined functional clinical outcomes were included.
resultsTwenty-five of 527 studies met our inclusion criteria, which investigated 15 independent pharmacological therapies. Eight of these therapies demonstrated possible neuroprotective properties and improved functional outcomes, of which five were investigated with randomized clinical trials: statins, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), Enzogenol, Cerebrolysin, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (VAS203). Three pharmacological agents did not demonstrate neuroprotective effects, and four agents had mixed results.
conclusionsWhile there is currently no single pharmacological therapy that will unequivocally improve clinical outcomes after TBI, several agents have demonstrated promising clinical benefits for specific TBI patients and should be investigated further.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.