ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2016
Two Fatal Intoxications Involving Butyryl Fentanyl.
Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- In Vitro Functional Profiling of Fentanyl and Nitazene Analogs at the μ-Opioid Receptor Reveals High Efficacy for Gi Protein Signaling.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Abuse potential of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Article
- Alternative matrices in forensic toxicology: a critical review.Forensic toxicology · 2022Review
- Blood concentrations of new synthetic opioids.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
- Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects.Archives of toxicology · 2020Review
- Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
- The rising crisis of illicit fentanyl use, overdose, and potential therapeutic strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2019Review
- Systematic review of the clinical consequences of butyrfentanyl and corresponding analogues.Interdisciplinary toxicology · 2019Article
- Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances.Neuropharmacology · 2019Article
- Fatalities caused by novel opioids: a review.Forensic sciences research · 2019Review
- Novel synthetic opioids - toxicological aspects and analysis.Forensic sciences research · 2019Review
- Novel Synthetic Opioids: The Pathologist's Point of View.Brain sciences · 2018Review
- Pharmacological characterization of novel synthetic opioids (NSO) found in the recreational drug marketplace.Neuropharmacology · 2018Article
- Postmortem Toxicology of New Synthetic Opioids.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Opioid-Associated Deaths in South Carolina, 2013-2016: A Retrospective Review.Academic forensic pathology · 2017Article
- Case Series of Novel Illicit Opioid-Related Deaths.Academic forensic pathology · 2017Article
- An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Misuse of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A Deadly New Trend.Journal of addiction medicineReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We present the case histories, autopsy findings and toxicology findings of two fatal intoxications involving the designer drug, butyryl fentanyl. The quantitative analysis of butyryl fentanyl in postmortem fluids and tissues was performed by an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. In the first case, butyryl fentanyl was the only drug detected with concentrations of 99 ng/mL in peripheral blood, 220 ng/mL in heart blood, 32 ng/mL in vitreous humor, 590 ng/mL in gastric contents, 93 ng/g in brain, 41 ng/g in liver, 260 ng/mL in bile and 64 ng/mL in urine. The cause of death was ruled fatal intoxication by butyryl fentanyl. In the second case, butyryl fentanyl was detected along with acetyl fentanyl, alprazolam and ethanol. The butyryl fentanyl concentrations were 3.7 ng/mL in peripheral blood, 9.2 ng/mL in heart blood, 9.8 ng/mL in vitreous humor, 4,000 ng/mL in gastric contents, 63 ng/g in brain, 39 ng/g in liver, 49 ng/mL in bile and 2 ng/mL in urine. The acetyl fentanyl concentrations were 21 ng/mL in peripheral blood, 95 ng/mL in heart blood, 68 ng/mL in vitreous humor, 28,000 ng/mL in gastric contents, 200 ng/g in brain, 160 ng/g in liver, 330 ng/mL in bile and 8 ng/mL in urine. In addition, the alprazolam concentration was 40 ng/mL and the ethanol concentration was 0.11 g/dL, both measured in peripheral blood. The cause of death in the second case was ruled a mixed drug intoxication. In both cases, the manner of death was accident.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.