ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Septins guide microtubule protrusions induced by actin-depolymerizing toxins like Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT).
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Septin crosstalk with microtubules and actin is regulated by a GSK3-dependent phosphoswitch.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Septins in the nervous system: from cytoskeletal dynamics to neurological disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Article
- MappingmBio · 2025Article
- Septins as key players in spermatogenesis, fertilisation and pre-implantation embryogenic cytoplasmic dynamics.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- SEPT9_i1 and Septin Dynamics in Oncogenesis and Cancer Treatment.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Review
- An Updated View on the Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridioides difficile Toxins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Septins as membrane influencers: direct play or in association with other cytoskeleton partners.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Septins guide noncentrosomal microtubules to promote focal adhesion disassembly in migrating cells.Molecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
- Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Cellular functions of actin- and microtubule-associated septins.Current biology : CB · 2021Review
- The Structural Biology of Septins and Their Filaments: An Update.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Binary Toxin ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Masters of asymmetry - lessons and perspectives from 50 years of septins.Molecular biology of the cell · 2020Review
- A Drosophila Model for Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Reveals Interactions with Multiple Effector Pathways.iScience · 2020Article
- Septin 2/6/7 complexes tune microtubule plus-end growth and EB1 binding in a concentration- and filament-dependent manner.Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
- Septin filament coalignment with microtubules depends on SEPT9_i1 and tubulin polyglutamylation, and is an early feature of acquired cell resistance to paclitaxel.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- Regulation of microtubule plus end dynamics by septin 9.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2019Article
- A homozygous genome-edited Sept2-EGFP fibroblast cell line.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, produce the actin-ADP ribosylating toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). CDT depolymerizes actin, causes formation of microtubule-based protrusions, and increases pathogen adherence. Here, we show that septins (SEPT) are essential for CDT-induced protrusion formation. SEPT2, -6, -7, and -9 accumulate at predetermined protrusion sites and form collar-like structures at the base of protrusions. The septin inhibitor forchlorfenuron or knockdown of septins inhibits protrusion formation. At protrusion sites, septins colocalize with the GTPase Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42) and its effector Borg (binder of Rho GTPases), which act as up-stream regulators of septin polymerization. Precipitation and surface plasmon resonance studies revealed high-affinity binding of septins to the microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1, thereby guiding incoming microtubules. The data suggest that CDT usurps conserved regulatory principles involved in microtubule-membrane interaction, depending on septins, Cdc42, Borgs, and restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.