Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27338884›Full record

ReviewBMJ open2016

Review of how we should define (and measure) adherence in studies examining older adults' participation in exercise classes.

H Hawley-Hague, M Horne, D A Skelton, C Todd

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05686200 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Intelligent Forearm Isometric Exercise on Vascular Function, Hand Grip Strength and Adherence in Patients With First Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula After Surgery

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health SciencesRan2023 to 2025Enrolled52ConditionsArteriovenous Fistula, Isometric ExerciseArmsForearm isometric exercise intervention program
NCT05839262 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Physical Exercise Guided by Active Video Games for Optimizing Clinical and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older Adults With Knee and/or Hip Osteoarthritis Under a Community-based Rehabilitation Model.

TypeinterventionalSponsorCristian AlvarezRan2023 to 2024Enrolled60ConditionsOsteoarthritis, Knee, Osteoarthritis, HipArmsConventional physical rehabilitation plus Active video games (CPR+AVG), Conventional physical rehabilitation alone (CPR)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Effectiveness of exercise interventions in patients with colorectal cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Patterns and influencing factors of exercise attendance of breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Trial
  20. Trial

58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

H Hawley-HagueSchool of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
M HorneSchool of Nursing, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
D A SkeltonSchool of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
C ToddSchool of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K500823/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelled: Exercise classes provide a range of benefits to older adults, reducing risk of illness, promoting functional ability and improving well-being. However, to be effective and achieve long-term outcomes, exercise needs to be maintained. Adherence is poor and reporting of adherence differs considerably between studies.

objectiveTo explore how adherence to exercise classes for older people is defined in the literature and devise a definition for pooling data on adherence in future studies.

designMethodological review of the approaches used to measure adherence.

methodsA review of the literature was carried out using narrative synthesis, based on systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO. 2 investigators identified eligible studies and extracted data independently.

results37 papers including 34 studies were identified. 7 papers (7 studies) defined adherence as completion (retention). 30 papers (27 studies) identified adherence using attendance records. 12 papers (11 studies) based adherence on duration of exercise and 5 papers (4 studies) specified the intensity with which participants should exercise. Several studies used multiple methods.

conclusionsThere was little consensus between studies on how adherence should be defined, and even when studies used the same conceptual measure, they measured the concept using different approaches and/or had different cut-off points. Adherence related to health outcomes requires multiple measurements, for example, attendance, duration and intensity. It is important that future studies consider the outcome of the intervention when considering their definition of adherence, and we recommend a series of definitions for future use.

Indexed as

AttitudeExerciseAgedHealth PromotionHumansMiddle AgedPatient ComplianceGERIATRIC MEDICINEPREVENTIVE MEDICINEREHABILITATION MEDICINESPORTS MEDICINESTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS

Identifiers

PMID27338884
PMCPMC4932302

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.