Observational studyNutrients2016
Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of the concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk.Nutrition reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2022Trial
- Early Effect of Supplemented Infant Formulae on Intestinal Biomarkers and Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Variation Throughout Postpartum in Healthy Women in a Brazilian Cohort.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Profile of human milk oligosaccharides and maternal FUT2 polymorphism: genotype-phenotype correlation and proposed cut-off for secretor status.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- New Insights into Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles in China: Findings from a Large-Scale Analysis of Human Milk.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dynamics and compositional profiles of human milk oligosaccharides in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus across lactation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Characterization of human milk oligosaccharides from Chinese mothers and their association with delivery mode and infant eczema.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A comprehensive safety evaluation of approved 2'-fucosyllactose for human nutritional applications in China.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Maternal Dietary Fiber Intake During Lactation and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fucosylation: a PRIMA Birth Cohort Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide secretion dynamics during breastfeeding and its antimicrobial role: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Profiles of 71 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Novel Sub-Clusters of Type I Milk: Results from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Analysis of twelve human milk oligosaccharides over fifteen months post-partum in human milk from Chinese mothers.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Factors That Affect Human Milk Oligosaccharides Composition.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and human milk oligosaccharides synergistically increases short chain fatty acid production ex vivo.Communications biology · 2024Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. They may be partially responsible for the benefits of breastfeeding. In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. Levels of most of the HMO studied decreased during the course of lactation, but the level of 3-fucosyllactose increased. Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose seem to be strongly correlated, suggesting some sort of mechanism for co-regulation. Levels of 6'-sialyllactose were higher than those of 3'-sialyllactose at early stages of lactation, but beyond 2-4 months, 3'-sialyllactose was predominant. Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition.
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