Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27338279›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2017

Identification of Gene Loci That Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment.

Stéphanie Le Hellard, Yunpeng Wang, Aree Witoelar, Verena Zuber, Francesco Bettella, Kenneth Hugdahl, Thomas Espeseth, Vidar M Steen, Ingrid Melle, Rahul Desikan and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. New insights from the last decade of research in psychiatric genetics: discoveries, challenges and clinical implications.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Stéphanie Le HellardNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Yunpeng WangNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Aree WitoelarNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Verena ZuberNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Francesco BettellaNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Kenneth HugdahlNORMENT, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Thomas EspesethNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Vidar M SteenNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Ingrid MelleNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Rahul DesikanMultimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Andrew J SchorkMultimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Wesley K ThompsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anders M DaleMultimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Srdjan DjurovicNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Funding

Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging: Microscopic &System LevelR01EB000790 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DALE, ANDERS M · 2002 to 2015
$15.3M
Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1M
Creating a Pediatric Imaging-Genomics Data ResourceRC2DA029475 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHANG, LINDA, DALE, ANDERS M · 2009 to 2011
$9.1M
Traning Clinical Scientists in Radiological ImagingT32EB005970 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Eric Y Chang, Rebecca Ann Rakow-Penner · 2007 to 2026
$3.2M
5/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109514 · NIMH · CARDIFF UNIVERSITY · PI O'DONOVAN, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2020
$2.9M
Structural & Metabolic Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Early Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG031224 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DALE, ANDERS M · 2008 to 2012
$1.9M
Polygenicity, Pleiotrophy and Power: Novel Statistical Methods for Gene DiscoveryR01GM104400 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI THOMPSON, WESLEY KURT · 2014 to 2017
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG031224NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB000790NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB005970NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIDA NIH HHS RC2 DA029475NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104400NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109514
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is evidence for genetic overlap between cognitive abilities and schizophrenia (SCZ), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrate that both SCZ and general cognitive abilities have a strong polygenic component with many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) each with a small effect. Here we investigated the shared genetic architecture between SCZ and educational attainment, which is regarded as a "proxy phenotype" for cognitive abilities, but may also reflect other traits. We applied a conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) method to GWAS of SCZ (n = 82 315), college completion ("College," n = 95 427), and years of education ("EduYears," n = 101 069). Variants associated with College or EduYears showed enrichment of association with SCZ, demonstrating polygenic overlap. This was confirmed by an increased replication rate in SCZ. By applying a condFDR threshold <0.01, we identified 18 genomic loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on College and 15 loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on EduYears. Ten of these loci overlapped. Using conjunctional FDR, we identified 10 loci shared between SCZ and College, and 29 loci shared between SCZ and EduYears. The majority of these loci had effects in opposite directions. Our results provide evidence for polygenic overlap between SCZ and educational attainment, and identify novel pleiotropic loci. Other studies have reported genetic overlap between SCZ and cognition, or SCZ and educational attainment, with negative correlation. Importantly, our methods enable identification of bi-directional effects, which highlight the complex relationship between SCZ and educational attainment, and support polygenic mechanisms underlying both cognitive dysfunction and creativity in SCZ.

Indexed as

AptitudeEducational StatusGenetic LociGenome-Wide Association StudyMultifactorial InheritanceAdultFemaleHumansMalePolymorphism, Single NucleotideSchizophreniaconditional FDRGWASpleiotropy

Identifiers

PMID27338279
PMCPMC5463752

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.