Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27338236›Full record

ArticleThe Prostate2016

Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Prostate Cancer Progression.

Pei Liang, Susanne M Henning, Shiruyeh Schokrpur, Lily Wu, Ngan Doan, Jonathan Said, Tristan Grogan, David Elashoff, Pinchas Cohen, William J Aronson

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Prostate, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Nutrients Lowering Obesity-Linked Chemokines Blamable for Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Pei LiangDepartment of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Susanne M HenningDepartment of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Shiruyeh SchokrpurDepartments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Lily WuDepartments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Ngan DoanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Jonathan SaidDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Tristan GroganStatistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
David ElashoffStatistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Pinchas CohenLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
William J AronsonDepartment of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
University of California, Los Angeles · USLos Angeles Medical Center · USUniversity of Southern California · USVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System · US

Funding

Women's CancersP30CA016042 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Samuel Wheeler French · 1985 to 2026
$134.5M
UCLA SPORE IN PROSTATE CANCERP50CA092131 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FREEMAN, MICHAEL R · 2002 to 2023
$42.6M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016042NCI NIH HHS P50 CA092131
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreclinical and clinical studies suggest that a fish oil-based diet may play a role in delaying the progression of prostate cancer through a number of different mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways. Given the importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that a fish oil-based diet will inhibit TAM infiltration and delay the growth of prostate cancer.

methodsAndrogen sensitive mouse prostate cancer (MycCaP) allograft tumors were grown in fully immunocompetent FVB mice fed a high- fat fish oil (omega-3) or corn oil (omega-6) diet. Gene expression of markers for immune cell populations, cytokines, chemokines, and signaling pathways were determined by real-time PCR and western blot in tumor tissue. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro were measured by MTS assay and flow cytometry.

resultsTumor volumes were significantly smaller in mice in ω-3 versus the ω-6 group (P = 0.048). Gene expression of markers for M1 and M2 macrophages (F4/80, iNOS, ARG1), associated cytokines (IL-6, TNF alpha, IL-10), and the chemokine CCL-2 were also lower in the omega-3 group. Correlative in vitro studies were performed in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages and mirrored the in vivo findings. Dietary fish oil and in vitro omega-3 fatty acid administration reduced protein expression of transcription factors in the nuclear factor kappa B pathway leading to a significant decrease in gene expression of downstream targets (Bcl-2, BCL-XL, XIAP, survivin) in MycCap cells.

conclusionsThese findings underscore the potential of fish oil in modulating the clinical course of human prostate cancer through the immune system. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted evaluating fish oil-based therapies for inhibiting the recruitment and function of M1 and M2 tumor infiltrating macrophages. Prostate 76:1293-1302, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionAnimalsCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedDietary Fats, UnsaturatedFatty Acids, Omega-3MacrophagesMaleMiceProstatic NeoplasmsTreatment OutcomeTumor BurdenDietary Fats, UnsaturatedFatty Acids, Omega-3allograft prostate tumorfish oilFVB mouseomega-3 and omega-6 fatty acidtumor-associated macrophages

Identifiers

PMID27338236
PMCPMC5081258
OpenAlexW2470546610

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.