ArticlePloS one2016
Serum Levels of Surfactant Proteins in Patients with Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE).
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum surfactant protein D as a significant biomarker for predicting occurrence, progression, acute exacerbation, and mortality in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prognosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alone.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- Protein biomarkers of interstitial lung abnormalities in relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Molecular and Genetic Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where Are We Now?Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Plasma extracellular vesicle proteins as promising noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Observational
- The Proteomic Profile of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2022Review
- Baseline plasma KL-6 level predicts adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving nintedanib: a retrospective real-world cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Article
- Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Matrix remodeling in chronic lung diseases.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEmphysema and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) present either per se or coexist in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Serum surfactant proteins (SPs) A, B, C and D levels may reflect lung damage. We evaluated serum SP levels in healthy controls, emphysema, IPF, and CPFE patients and their associations to disease severity and survival.
methods122 consecutive patients (31 emphysema, 62 IPF, and 29 CPFE) and 25 healthy controls underwent PFTs, ABG-measurements, 6MWT and chest HRCT. Serum levels of SPs were measured. Patients were followed-up for 1-year.
resultsSP-A and SP-D levels differed between groups (p = 0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). In post-hoc analysis, SP-A levels differed only between controls and CPFE (p<0.05) and CPFE and emphysema (p<0.05). SP-D differed between controls and IPF or CPFE (p<0.001 for both comparisons). In IPF SP-B correlated to pulmonary function while SP-A, correlated to the Composite Physiological Index (CPI). Controls current smokers had higher SP-A and SP-D levels compared to non-smokers (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023 respectively). SP-D levels were higher in CPFE patients with extended emphysema (p = 0.042). In patients with IPF, SP-B levels at the upper quartile of its range (≥26 ng/mL) presented a weak association with reduced survival (p = 0.05).
conclusionIn conclusion, serum SP-A and SP-D levels were higher where fibrosis exists or coexists and related to disease severity, suggesting that serum SPs relate to alveolar damage in fibrotic lungs and may reflect either local overproduction or overleakage. The weak association between high levels of SP-B and survival needs further validation in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
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