ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Evaluation of Six Commercially Available Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests for the Diagnosis of Rabies in Brain Material.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Assay as a Canine Rabies Surveillance Tool in Goa, India.Viruses · 2019Pooled it
- Biosafety of rabies virus and related lyssaviruses: Risks, precautions, and knowledge gaps in diagnostic and research laboratories.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- High sensitivity of the Bionote Anigen Rapid Rabies Antigen Test in detection of diverse rabies virus variants suggests utility for global rabies control.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- LFD implementation uncovers hidden rabies burden: Pre- and post-implementation analysis and comparison with non-implementation sites in the Philippines.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Enhanced rabies surveillance in roadkill specimens by real-time RT-PCR.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Challenge of Lyssavirus Infections in Domestic and Other Animals: A Mix of Virological Confusion, Consternation, Chagrin, and Curiosity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular characterisation of human rabies in Tanzania and Kenya: a case series report and phylogenetic investigation.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Investigating the Impact That Diagnostic Screening with Lateral Flow Devices Had on the Rabies Surveillance Program in Zanzibar, Tanzania.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Recent updates on laboratory diagnosis of rabies.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Evaluation of lateral flow devices for postmortem rabies diagnosis in animals in the Philippines: a multicenter study.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Molecular Analysis of Rabies Virus Using RNA Extracted from Used Lateral Flow Devices.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a real-time mobile PCR device (PCR 1100) for the detection of the rabies gene in field samples.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- From Field Tests to Molecular Tools-Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia.Viruses · 2023Article
- Elimination of human rabies in Goa, India through an integrated One Health approach.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Lateral flow devices for samples collected by straw sampling method for postmortem canine rabies diagnosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The potential of diagnostic point-of-care tests (POCTs) for infectious and zoonotic animal diseases in developing countries: Technical, regulatory and sociocultural considerations.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Review
- Rabies in Costa Rica - Next Steps Towards Controlling Bat-Borne Rabies After its Elimination in Dogs.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Review
- Capacity Building Efforts for Rabies Diagnosis in Resource-Limited Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Report of the Central Veterinary Laboratory in Benin (Parakou).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of lateral flow devices as a tool to diagnose rabies in post-mortem animals.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that causes an estimated 60,000 human deaths annually. The main burden lies on developing countries in Asia and Africa, where surveillance and disease detection is hampered by absence of adequate laboratory facilities and/or the difficulties of submitting samples from remote areas to laboratories. Under these conditions, easy-to-use tests such as immunochromatographic assays, i.e. lateral flow devices (LFD), may increase surveillance and improve control efforts. Several LFDs for rabies diagnosis are available but, except for one, there are no data regarding their performance. Therefore, we compared six commercially available LFDs for diagnostic and analytical sensitivity, as well as their specificity and their diagnostic agreement with standard rabies diagnostic techniques using different sample sets, including experimentally infected animals and several sets of field samples. Using field samples the sensitivities ranged between 0% up to 100% depending on the LFD and the samples, while for experimentally infected animals the maximum sensitivity was 32%. Positive results in LFD could be further validated using RT-qPCR and sequencing. In summary, in our study none of the tests investigated proved to be satisfactory, although the results somewhat contradict previous studies, indicating batch to batch variation. The high number of false negative results reiterates the necessity to perform a proper test validation before being marketed and used in the field. In this respect, marketing authorization and batch release control could secure a sufficient quality for these alternative tests, which could then fulfil their potential.
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