Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27336058›Full record

ArticleNPJ schizophrenia2016

Candida albicans exposures, sex specificity and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Emily G Severance, Kristin L Gressitt, Catherine R Stallings, Emily Katsafanas, Lucy A Schweinfurth, Christina L Savage, Maria B Adamos, Kevin M Sweeney, Andrea E Origoni, Sunil Khushalani and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ schizophrenia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024
    Review
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Emily G SeveranceStanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kristin L GressittStanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Catherine R StallingsSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Emily KatsafanasSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lucy A SchweinfurthSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christina L SavageSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Maria B AdamosSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kevin M SweeneySheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrea E OrigoniSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sunil KhushalaniSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
F Markus LewekeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim, Germany.
Faith B DickersonSheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robert H YolkenStanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sheppard Pratt Health System · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USHeidelberg University · DEJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Project 3P50MH094268 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SAWA, AKIRA · 2011 to 2020
$19.9M
NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH094268
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune aberrations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have led to the hypotheses that infectious agents or corresponding immune responses might contribute to psychiatric etiopathogeneses. We investigated case-control differences in exposure to the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, and examined associations with cognition, medication, lifestyle, and somatic conditions. We quantified C. albicans IgG antibodies in two cohorts totaling 947 individuals and evaluated odds ratios (OR) of exposure with psychiatric disorder using multivariate regressions. The case-control cohort included 261 with schizophrenia, 270 with bipolar disorder, and 277 non-psychiatric controls; the second included 139 with first-episode schizophrenia, 78 of whom were antipsychotic naive. No differences in C. albicans exposures were found until diagnostic groups were stratified by sex. In males, C. albicans seropositivity conferred increased odds for a schizophrenia diagnosis (OR 2.04-9.53, P⩽0.0001). In females, C. albicans seropositivity conferred increased odds for lower cognitive scores on Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in schizophrenia (OR 1.12, P⩽0.004), with significant decreases on memory modules for both disorders (P⩽0.0007-0.03). C. albicans IgG levels were not impacted by antipsychotic medications. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances were associated with elevated C. albicans in males with schizophrenia and females with bipolar disorder (P⩽0.009-0.02). C. albicans exposure was associated with homelessness in bipolar males (P⩽0.0015). In conclusion, sex-specific C. albicans immune responses were evident in psychiatric disorder subsets. Inquiry regarding C. albicans infection or symptoms may expedite amelioration of this treatable comorbid condition. Yeast exposure as a risk factor for schizophrenia and its associated cognitive and GI effects require further investigation including the possible contribution of gut-brain mechanisms.

Identifiers

PMID27336058
PMCPMC4898895
OpenAlexW2345931875

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.