ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Cytokine-Independent Detection of Antigen-Specific Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cells in Immunized Nonhuman Primates Using a Live Cell Activation-Induced Marker Technique.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Th2-Biased Transcriptional Profile Predicts HIV Envelope-Specific Polyfunctional CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Trial
- Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Trial
- Subdominance and poor intrinsic immunogenicity limit humoral immunity targeting influenza HA stem.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A novel chimeric coronavirus spike vaccine combining SARS-CoV-2 RBD and scaffold domains from HKU-1 elicits potent neutralising antibody responses.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Pediatric T cell and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Article
- Germinal Center B Cells are Uniquely Targeted by Antibody-Suppressor CXCR5Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Dual Activation-Induced Marker Combinations Efficiently Identify and Discern Antigen-Specific and Bystander-Activated Human CD4European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- IL-27 effects on HIVFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and protection mediated by dmLT and alum adjuvants for an HIV-1 vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Assessment of antigen-specific T cell recall responses in non-human primates using a composite AIM assay.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multiple Epitope Polypeptide from Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 inflammation durably imprints memory CD4 T cells.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Enhanced detection of antigen-specific T cells by a multiplexed AIM assay.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Vaccine induction of CD4-mimicking HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in macaques.Cell · 2024Article
- The self-reactive FVIII T cell repertoire in healthy individuals relies on a short set of epitopes and public clonotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Conjugation of HIV-1 envelope to hepatitis B surface antigen alters vaccine responses in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- A combined adjuvant approach primes robust germinal center responses and humoral immunity in non-human primates.Nature communications · 2023Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A range of current candidate AIDS vaccine regimens are focused on generating protective HIV-neutralizing Ab responses. Many of these efforts rely on the rhesus macaque animal model. Understanding how protective Ab responses develop and how to increase their efficacy are both major knowledge gaps. Germinal centers (GCs) are the engines of Ab affinity maturation. GC T follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells are required for GCs. Studying vaccine-specific GC Tfh cells after protein immunizations has been challenging, as Ag-specific GC Tfh cells are difficult to identify by conventional intracellular cytokine staining. Cytokine production by GC Tfh cells may be intrinsically limited in comparison with other Th effector cells, as the biological role of a GC Tfh cell is to provide help to individual B cells within the GC, rather than secreting large amounts of cytokines bathing a tissue. To test this idea, we developed a cytokine-independent method to identify Ag-specific GC Tfh cells. RNA sequencing was performed using TCR-stimulated GC Tfh cells to identify candidate markers. Validation experiments determined CD25 (IL-2Rα) and OX40 to be highly upregulated activation-induced markers (AIM) on the surface of GC Tfh cells after stimulation. In comparison with intracellular cytokine staining, the AIM assay identified >10-fold more Ag-specific GC Tfh cells in HIV Env protein-immunized macaques (BG505 SOSIP). CD4 T cells in blood were also studied. In summary, AIM demonstrates that Ag-specific GC Tfh cells are intrinsically stingy producers of cytokines, which is likely an essential part of their biological function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.