ArticleScientific reports2016
Gender-specific differences in PPARγ regulation of follicular helper T cell responses with estrogen.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune cells: mechanistic perspectives and clinical correlates in physiology and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the role of hepatic lipid droplets in mouse liver toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: sequestration, biochemical alterations and gene regulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein suppresses pain and cartilage destruction in an osteoarthritis model by modulating the AMPK/STAT3 signaling pathway.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Biological Sex As a Critical Variable in CD4Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiota and Sex Hormones: Crosstalking Players in Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone produces a female-predominant inhibition of hyperalgesia associated with surgical incision, peripheral nerve injury, and painful diabetic neuropathy.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Regulate Hepatic Immunity and Assist in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Sex differences in Guillain Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and experimental autoimmune neuritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Role of PPAR-γ in Allergic Disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2021Review
- Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2020Article
- Multi-omics: Differential expression of IFN-γ results in distinctive mechanistic features linking chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and autoimmune diseases.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Article
- Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases.The FEBS journal · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, has recently been connected with effector T cells, though its role is still not clear. Here, we investigated the roles of PPARγ in follicular helper T (TFH) cell responses regarding gender specificity. NP-OVA immunization in female but not male CD4-PPARγ(KO) mice induced higher proportions of TFH cells and germinal center (GC) B cells following immunization than were seen in wild type mice. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone significantly reduced TFH cell responses in female mice while pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment ameliorated TFH cells and GC responses in male mice. E2 treatment significantly enhanced PPARγ expression in male T cells, while T cell activation in the estrus but not in the diestrus stage of the menstrual cycle of females was inhibited by pioglitazone, suggesting that an estrogen-sufficient environment is important for PPARγ-mediated T cell regulation. These results demonstrate gender-based differences in sensitivities of PPARγ in TFH responses. These findings suggest that appropriate function of PPARγ is required in the regulation of female GC responses and that therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases using PPARγ agonists need to be tailored accordingly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.