ArticleInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2016
NOD2 induces autophagy to control AIEC bacteria infectiveness in intestinal epithelial cells.
Article in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting cell death in Crohn's disease: from mechanisms to medicines.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Characterization of the Regulatory Landscape in Crohn's Disease Reveals microRNA-Associated Alterations that Shape Anti-TNF Response.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Autophagy in inflammatory bowel disease: immunization, etiology, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Short-peptide-based enteral nutrition affects rats MDP translocation and protects against gut-lung injury via the PepT1-NOD2-beclin-1 pathway in vivo.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Priority order of neonatal colonization by a probiotic or pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Crime Scene-Molecular Signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- NOD2 Agonism Counter-Regulates Human Type 2 T Cell Functions in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures: Implications for Atopic Dermatitis.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The Diversity ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Impacts of MicroRNAs Induced by the Gut Microbiome on Regulating the Development of Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2022Article
- Inborn Errors in the LRR Domain of Nod2 and Their Potential Consequences on the Function of the Receptor.Cells · 2021Review
- IL-6 effector function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is NOD2 dependent.Science immunology · 2021Article
- Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ulcerative Colitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Article
- Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Article
- Adherent-InvasiveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Why the discovery of adherent-invasiveWorld journal of biological chemistry · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe importance of autophagy in mechanisms underlying inflammation has been highlighted. Downstream effects of the bacterial sensor NOD2 include autophagy induction. Recently, a relationship between defects in autophagy and adherent/invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) persistence has emerged. The present study aims at investigating the interplay between autophagy, NOD2 and AIEC bacteria and assessing the expression level of autophagic proteins in intestinal biopsies of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
methodsA human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cell line stably over-expressing NOD2 was produced (Caco2NOD2). ATG16L1, LC3 and NOD2 levels were analysed in the Caco2 cell line and Caco2NOD2 after exposure to AIEC strains, by western blot and immunofluorescence. AIEC survival inside cells and TNFα, IL-8 and IL-1βmRNA expression were analysed by gentamicin protection assay and real time PCR. ATG16L1 and LC3 expression was analyzed in the inflamed ileum and colon of 28 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 14 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 23 controls by western blot.
resultsAIEC infection increased ATG16L1 and LC3 in Caco2 cells. Exposure to AIEC strains increased LC3 and ATG16L1 in Caco2 overexpressing NOD2, more than in Caco2 wild type, while a decrease of AIEC survival rate and cytokine expression was observed in the same cell line. LC3 expression was increased in the inflamed colon of CD and UC children.
conclusionsThe NOD2-mediated autophagy induction is crucial to hold the intramucosal bacterial burden, especially towards AIEC, and to limit the resulting inflammatory response. Autophagy is active in inflamed colonic tissues of IBD pediatric patients.
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