ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2016
Superiority of West Nile Virus RNA Detection in Whole Blood for Diagnosis of Acute Infection.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Laboratory Assessment of Wastewater as Surveillance Tool for West Nile Virus, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Donor-Derived West Nile Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients, France, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The diagnostic utility of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity in distinguishing between past and acute infection of West Nile Virus (WNV).Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Jamestown Canyon Virus Seroprevalence in Endemic Regions and Implications for Diagnostic Testing.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Healthcare Provider Knowledge of West Nile Virus Diagnostic Testing-United States, 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Transfusion-transmitted infections: risks and mitigation strategies for Oropouche virus and other emerging arboviruses in Latin America and the Caribbean.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Assessment of the effectiveness of West Nile virus screening by analysing suspected positive donations among blood donors, Germany, 2020 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Review on Viral RNA Extraction Strategies for Enhanced Molecular Diagnostics.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of West Nile virus infections: Evaluation of different laboratory methods.World journal of virology · 2024Article
- An Overview of Zika Virus and Zika Virus Induced Neuropathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Clinical and Diagnostic Features of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in New York City.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Whole-Blood PCR Preferred for Timely Diagnosis of Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infections: Lessons From the 2021 Arizona Outbreak.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Brief Case: An unexpected cause of meningoencephalitis in an infant.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Can Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Serum Predict Disease Severity in West Nile Virus Infection? A Pilot Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Studies among African Equids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infection is primarily based on serology, since molecular identification of WNV RNA is unreliable due to the short viremia and absence of detectable virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent studies have shown that WNV RNA can be detected in urine for a longer period and at higher concentrations than in plasma. In this study, we examined the presence of WNV RNA in serum, plasma, whole-blood, CSF, and urine samples obtained from patients diagnosed with acute WNV infection during an outbreak which occurred in Israel in 2015. Our results demonstrate that 33 of 38 WNV patients had detectable WNV RNA in whole blood at the time of diagnosis, a higher rate than in any of the other sample types tested. Overall, whole blood was superior to all other samples, with 86.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 83.9% negative predictive value. Interestingly, WNV viral load in urine was higher than in whole blood, CSF, serum, and plasma despite the lower sensitivity than that of whole blood. This study establishes the utility of whole blood in the routine diagnosis of acute WNV infection and suggests that it may provide the highest sensitivity for WNV RNA detection in suspected cases.
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