Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27334977›Full record

ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2017

The antiphospholipid syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment.

Simone Negrini, Fabrizio Pappalardo, Giuseppe Murdaca, Francesco Indiveri, Francesco Puppo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
13.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  13. Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy: New and Old Pathogenetic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  14. Review
  15. COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies.Best practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2022
    Review
  16. Sjögren's syndrome: a systemic autoimmune disease.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2022
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Simone NegriniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy. negrini@unige.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-4320
Fabrizio PappalardoDepartment of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Giuseppe MurdacaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
Francesco IndiveriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
Francesco PuppoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
University of Genoa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune acquired thrombophilia characterized by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). APS can be primary, if it occurs in the absence of any underlying disease, or secondary, if it is associated with another autoimmune disorder, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus. The exact pathogenetic mechanism of APS is unknown, but different, not mutually exclusive, models have been proposed to explain how anti-PL autoantibodies might lead to thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Diagnosis of APS requires that a patient has both a clinical manifestation (arterial or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity) and persistently positive aPL, but the clinical spectrum of the disease encompasses additional manifestations which may affect every organ and cannot be explained exclusively by a prothrombotic state. Treatment for aPL-positive patients is based on the patient's clinical status, presence of an underlying autoimmune disease, and history of thrombotic events. In case of aPL positivity without previous thrombotic events, the treatment is mainly focused on reduction of additional vascular risk factors, while treatment of patients with definite APS is based on long-term anticoagulation. Pregnancy complications are usually managed with low-dose aspirin in association with low molecular weight heparin. Refractory forms of APS could benefit from adding hydroxychloroquine and/or intravenous immunoglobulin to anticoagulation therapy. Promising novel treatments include anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies, new-generation anticoagulants, and complement cascade inhibitors. The objective of this review paper is to summarize the recent literature on APS from pathogenesis to current therapeutic options.

Indexed as

AnticoagulantsAntiphospholipid SyndromeFemaleHumansMalePregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsSex FactorsAnticoagulantsAnticardiolipin antibodyAntiphospholipid syndromeAnti-β2 glycoprotein-1 antibodyLupus anticoagulantPregnancy morbidityThrombosis

Identifiers

PMID27334977
OpenAlexW2472197231

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.