ArticleBiology open2016
Metabolic cost of osmoregulation in a hypertonic environment in the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
Article in Biology open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07464002 (Studie Zum Habituellen Durst Und Adapt Durst Studie), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Studie Zum Habituellen Durst Und Adapt Durst Studie: Habitual Thirst Study and Adapt Thirst Study
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Interspecific comparisons of anuran embryonic epidermal landscapes and energetic trade-offs in response to changes in salinity.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- Respirometry reveals major lineage-based differences in the energetics of osmoregulation in aquatic invertebrates.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- Behavioural and physiological responses to salinization and air exposure during the ontogeny of a freshwater South American snail.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Reproductive colonization of land by frogs: Embryos and larvae excrete urea to avoid ammonia toxicity.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- From the Field to the Lab: Physiological and Behavioural Consequences of Environmental Salinity in a Coastal Frog.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Organ protection by SGLT2 inhibitors: role of metabolic energy and water conservation.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2021Review
- Wetland salinity induces sex-dependent carry-over effects on the individual performance of a long-distance migrant.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies of aquatic invertebrates reveal that salinity affects feeding and growth rates, reproduction, survival, and diversity. Little is known, however, about how salinity impacts the energy budget of vertebrates and amphibians in particular. The few studies focused on this topic in vertebrates suggest that the ingestion of salts and the resulting osmoregulatory activity is energetically expensive. We analyzed the effect of saline acclimation on standard metabolic rates (SMR) and the activities of metabolic enzymes of internal organs and osmoregulatory variables (plasma osmolality and urea plasma level) in females of Xenopus laevis by means of acclimating individuals to an isosmotic (235 mOsm NaCl; ISO group) and hyper-osmotic (340 mOsm NaCl; HYP group) environment for 40 days. After acclimation, we found that total and mass-specific SMR was approximately 80% higher in the HYP group than those found in the ISO group. These changes were accompanied by higher citrate synthase activities in liver and heart in the HYP group than in the ISO group. Furthermore, we found a significant and positive correlation between metabolic rates and plasma urea, and citrate synthase activity in liver and heart. These results support the notion that the cost of osmoregulation is probably common in most animal species and suggest the existence of a functional association between metabolic rates and the adjustments in osmoregulatory physiology, such as blood distribution and urea synthesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.