ArticlePsychopharmacology2016
The nicotine + alcohol interoceptive drug state: contribution of the components and effects of varenicline in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and preclinical evidence of sex differences in nicotine-induced enhancement of alcohol self-administration.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The persistent effects of exposure to a predator odor stressor on sensitivity to alcohol.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Disruption of positive- and negative-feature morphine interoceptive occasion setters by dopamine receptor agonism and antagonism in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- mGluPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Nicotine limits avoidance conditioning with opioids without interfering with the ability to discriminate an opioid-interoceptive state.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- The incentive amplifying effects of nicotine: Roles in alcohol seeking and consumption.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Interoception and alcohol: Mechanisms, networks, and implications.Neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Low-dose alcohol: Interoceptive and molecular effects and the role of dentate gyrus in rats.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Systemic nicotine enhances opioid self-administration and modulates the formation of opioid-associated memories partly through actions within the insular cortex.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effects of ethanol, naltrexone, nicotine and varenicline in an ethanol and nicotine co-use model in Sprague-Dawley rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Role of mPFC and nucleus accumbens circuitry in modulation of a nicotine plus alcohol compound drug state.Addiction biology · 2020Article
- Considering Drug-Associated Contexts in Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Development.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Ethanol→Nicotine & Nicotine→Ethanol drug-sequence discriminations: Conditional stimulus control with two interoceptive drug elements in rats.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Effects of nicotine conditioning history on alcohol and methamphetamine self-administration in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Article
- Functional role for suppression of the insular-striatal circuit in modulating interoceptive effects of alcohol.Addiction biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleNicotine and alcohol co-use is highly prevalent, and as such, individuals experience the interoceptive effects of both substances together. Therefore, examining sensitivity to a compound nicotine and alcohol (N + A) interoceptive cue is critical to broaden our understanding of mechanisms that may contribute to nicotine and alcohol co-use.
objectivesThis work assessed the ability of a N + A interoceptive cue to gain control over goal-tracking behavior and determined the effects of the α4β2 nicotinic partial agonist and smoking cessation compound varenicline on sensitivity to N + A.
methodsTwo groups of male Long Evans rats were trained to discriminate N + A (0.4 mg/kg nicotine + 1 g/kg alcohol, intragastric gavage (IG)) from water under two different training conditions using a Pavlovian drug discrimination task. The effects of varenicline (0, 1, 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)) administered alone and on sensitivity to N + A and the components were determined.
resultsUnder both training conditions, N + A rapidly gained control over behavior, with a greater contribution of nicotine to the N + A compound cue. Varenicline fully substituted for the N + A training dose, and varenicline (1 mg/kg) enhanced sensitivity to the lowest N + A dose (0.1 N + 0.1 A). Given the high selectivity of varenicline for the α4β2 receptor, this finding suggests a functional role for α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in modulating sensitivity to N + A.
conclusionsThe N + A compound cue is a unique cue that is modulated, in part, by activity at the α4β2 nAChR. These findings advance understanding of the interoceptive effects of nicotine and alcohol in combination and may have implications in relation to their co-use.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.