Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27327048›Full record

ArticleAssay and drug development technologies2016

A Macrophage Infection Model to Predict Drug Efficacy Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

Kaitlyn Schaaf, Virginia Hayley, Alexander Speer, Frank Wolschendorf, Michael Niederweis, Olaf Kutsch, Jim Sun

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Assay and drug development technologies, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kaitlyn Schaaf1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Virginia Hayley1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Alexander Speer2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Frank Wolschendorf1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Michael Niederweis2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Olaf Kutsch1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
Jim Sun2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NL

Funding

Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI OLAF KUTSCH · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
ROS Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in RAP30AR048311 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI MOUNTZ, JOHN D · 2001 to 2017
$9.5M
HTS for Synergistic Activators of Latent HIV-1 InfectionR01AI104499 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI KUTSCH, OLAF · 2013 to 2015
$1.6M
HTS for bactericidal inhibitors of M. tuberculosis copper resistance mechanismsR01AI104952 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WOLSCHENDORF, FRANK · 2013 to 2015
$1.1M
Kinomic analysis of host cell factors controlling latent HIV-1 infectionR21AI116188 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI KUTSCH, OLAF · 2014 to 2015
$551k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104499NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104952NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI116188NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR048311
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the last 40 years, only a single new antituberculosis drug was FDA approved. New tools that improve the drug development process will be essential to accelerate the development of next-generation antituberculosis drugs. The drug development process seems to be hampered by the inefficient transition of initially promising hits to candidate compounds that are effective in vivo. In this study, we introduce an inexpensive, rapid, and BSL-2 compatible infection model using macrophage-passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that forms densely packed Mtb/macrophage aggregate structures suitable for drug efficacy testing. Susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs determined with this Mtb/macrophage aggregate model differed from commonly used in vitro broth-grown single-cell Mtb cultures. Importantly, altered drug susceptibility correlated well with the reported ability of the respective drugs to generate high tissue and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations relative to their serum concentrations, which seems to be the best predictors of in vivo efficacy. Production of these Mtb/macrophage aggregates could be easily scaled up to support throughput efforts. Overall, its simplicity and scalability should make this Mtb/macrophage aggregate model a valuable addition to the currently available Mtb drug discovery tools.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalAntitubercular AgentsDose-Response Relationship, DrugForecastingHumansMacrophagesMycobacterium tuberculosisAntitubercular Agents

Identifiers

PMID27327048
PMCPMC4991579
OpenAlexW2467448379

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.