ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2016
Estimation of Plasmodium falciparum Transmission Intensity in Lilongwe, Malawi, by Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Testing, and Nucleic Acid Detection.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Comparative evaluation of multiplex bead assay, polymerase chain reaction, and rapid diagnostic test for P. falciparum detection in community surveys in Malawi.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Early-evening indoor and outdoor foraging by major malaria vectors in Nchelenge, Zambia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Early-evening indoor and outdoor foraging by major malaria vectors in Nchelenge, Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Severity of Vessel Color Changes and Macular and Peripheral Whitening in Malarial Retinopathy Are Associated with Higher Total Body and Sequestered Parasite Burdens.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Distinctive Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Serological Profile during AcuteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- School-Based Malaria Screening and Treatment Reduces Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Anemia Prevalence in Two Transmission Settings in Malawi.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Genetic Diversity of Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Transmission Foci in Southern and Central Africa.Journal of medical entomology · 2020Article
- Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015-2016.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011-2018.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test and Microscopy Compared with PCR for Detection ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Diversity and immune responses against Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in non-febrile school children living in Southern Ghana.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Challenging diagnosis of congenital malaria in non-endemic areas.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine mismatch observed among Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southern and central Africa and globally.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- malERA: An updated research agenda for diagnostics, drugs, vaccines, and vector control in malaria elimination and eradication.PLoS medicine · 2017Review
- Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- Treatment of Chronic Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infection Does Not Increase the Risk of Clinical Malaria Upon Reinfection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estimates of malaria transmission intensity (MTI) typically rely upon microscopy or rapid diagnostic testing (RDT). However, these methods are less sensitive than nucleic acid amplification techniques and may underestimate parasite prevalence. We compared microscopy, RDT, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia as part of an MTI study of 800 children and adults conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi. PCR detected more cases of parasitemia than microscopy or RDT. Age less than 5 years predicted parasitemia detected by PCR alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.38, Wald P = 0.02). In addition, we identified one P. falciparum parasite with a false-negative RDT result due to a suspected deletion of the histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp2) gene and used a novel, ultrasensitive PCR assay to detect low-level parasitemia missed by traditional PCR. Molecular methods should be considered for use in future transmission studies as a supplement to RDT or microscopy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.