ArticleThe Plant cell2016
Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids.
Article in The Plant cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Spirogyra pratensis genome illuminates the evolution of developmental programs and spiral chloroplast biology.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- Bacterial remnants in chloroplast RNA induce immune responses via mouse TLR13 and human TLR7.Communications biology · 2026Article
- D-amino acid aminotransferase1 regulates grain chalkiness in rice by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and enzymological evidence for plastid peptidoglycan synthesis in the gymnosperm Picea abies.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- CurT/CURT1 proteins are involved in cell and chloroplast division coordination of cyanobacteria and green algae.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Molecular and biochemical insights from natural and engineered photosynthetic endosymbiotic systems.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2025Review
- Mammalian Tolerance to Amino Acid Heterochirality.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Review
- Protein import into bacterial endosymbionts and evolving organelles.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- A nucleus-encoded dynamin-like protein controls endosymbiont division in the trypanosomatidScience advances · 2025Article
- Differential GTP-dependent in-vitro polymerization of recombinant Physcomitrella FtsZ proteins.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evolution and Functional Differentiation of the C-terminal Motifs of FtsZs During Plant Evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- A mysterious cloak: the peptidoglycan layer of algal and plant plastids.Protoplasma · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Imitate to illuminate: labeling of bacterial peptidoglycan with fluorescent and bio-orthogonal stem peptide-mimicking probes.RSC chemical biology · 2022Review
- Plant peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis: Conservation between moss chloroplasts and Gram-negative bacteria.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Loss of Plastid Developmental Genes Coincides With a Reversion to Monoplastidy in Hornworts.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Genes encoding lipid II flippase MurJ and peptidoglycan hydrolases are required for chloroplast division in the moss Physcomitrella patens.Plant molecular biology · 2021Article
- Are Cyanobacteria an Ancestor of Chloroplasts or Just One of the Gene Donors for Plants and Algae?Genes · 2021Article
- Peptidoglycan: Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation.EcoSal Plus · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is believed that the plastids in green plants lost peptidoglycan (i.e., a bacterial cell wall-containing d-amino acids) during their evolution from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium. Although wall-like structures could not be detected in the plastids of green plants, the moss Physcomitrella patens has the genes required to generate peptidoglycan (Mur genes), and knocking out these genes causes defects in chloroplast division. Here, we generated P patens knockout lines (∆Pp-ddl) for a homolog of the bacterial peptidoglycan-synthetic gene encoding d-Ala:d-Ala ligase. ∆Pp-ddl had a macrochloroplast phenotype, similar to other Mur knockout lines. The addition of d-Ala-d-Ala (DA-DA) to the medium suppressed the appearance of giant chloroplasts in ∆Pp-ddl, but the addition of l-Ala-l-Ala (LA-LA), DA-LA, LA-DA, or d-Ala did not. Recently, a metabolic method for labeling bacterial peptidoglycan was established using ethynyl-DA-DA (EDA-DA) and click chemistry to attach an azide-modified fluorophore to the ethynyl group. The ∆Pp-ddl line complemented with EDA-DA showed that moss chloroplasts are completely surrounded by peptidoglycan. Our findings strongly suggest that the moss plastids have a peptidoglycan wall containing d-amino acids. By contrast, no plastid phenotypes were observed in the T-DNA tagged ddl mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.