ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2016
CX3CR1-dependent recruitment of mature NK cells into the central nervous system contributes to control autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cells: Dual Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis Immunopathogenesis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Dysregulation During ALS Disease Progression: A Gene Expression Analysis.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- A multi-omics study on monozygotic twins discordant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and literature review underline a potential role for innate immunity and epigenetic dysregulation in disease mechanisms.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Tissue-specific antitumor NK cell subsets identified in colorectal cancer liver metastases express candidate therapeutic targets.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Deletion of the X-chromosomal geneScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- HCC-derived CX3CL1 affects hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and CX3CR1 + MDSC infiltration.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Distinctive CD56NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- The role of CD56Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- The Role of Chemokines in Orchestrating the Immune Response to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Article
- Host Genetic Variation Has a Profound Impact on Immune Responses Mediating Control of Viral Load in Chronic Gammaherpesvirus Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 Emerges as a Central Player in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1)-deficient mice develop very severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), associated with impaired NK cell recruitment into the CNS. Yet, the precise implications of NK cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation remain elusive. Here, we investigated the pattern of NK cell mobilization and the contribution of CX3CR1 to NK cell dynamics in the EAE. We show that in both wild-type and CX3CR1-deficient EAE mice, NK cells are mobilized from the periphery and accumulate in the inflamed CNS. However, in CX3CR1-deficient mice, the infiltrated NK cells displayed an immature phenotype contrasting with the mature infiltrates in WT mice. This shift in the immature/mature CNS ratio contributes to EAE exacerbation in CX3CR1-deficient mice, since transfer of mature WT NK cells prior to immunization exerted a protective effect and normalized the CNS NK cell ratio. Moreover, mature CD11b(+) NK cells show higher degranulation in the presence of autoreactive 2D2 transgenic CD4(+) T cells and kill these autoreactive cells more efficiently than the immature CD11b(-) fraction. Together, these data suggest a protective role of mature NK cells in EAE, possibly through direct modulation of T cells inside the CNS, and demonstrate that mature and immature NK cells are recruited into the CNS by distinct chemotactic signals.
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Registered trials
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