ArticleScientific reports2016
High salt promotes autoimmunity by TET2-induced DNA demethylation and driving the differentiation of Tfh cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic contributions to lupus nephritis in a multi-ethnic cohort of systemic lupus erythematous patients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- High-salt diet in macrophage-associated metabolic disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Diet and Medicinal Herbs as Adjunctive Approaches to Immune Homeostasis in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Demyelination to Intervention: Natural Compounds as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Effect of Nutritional Ingredients on Disease Activation in Psoriatic Arthritis.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- HMGA1 influence on iron-induced cell death in Tfh cells of SLE patients.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- An autoimmune transcriptional circuit drives FOXP3Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- GSK2334470 attenuates high salt-exacerbated rheumatoid arthritis progression by restoring Th17/Treg homeostasis.iScience · 2024Article
- Impact of high-salt diet in health and diseases and its role in pursuit of cancer immunotherapy by modulating gut microbiome.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Review
- Salt Behind the Scenes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Article
- The ion transporter NaScience advances · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Values of METTL1-Related Genes and Immune Characteristics in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Levels of base excision repair proteins in CD4Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Decreased SUV39H1 at the promoter region leads to increased CREMα and accelerates autoimmune response in CD4Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases.Cell proliferation · 2022Review
- Article
- NaCl exposure results in increased expression and processing of IL-1β in Meniere's disease patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF pathway drives the T follicular helper cell response in lupus-like disease.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) have been well documented to play a critical role in autoimmunity, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by helping B cells. In this study, high salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), under physiological conditions, was demonstrated to increase the differentiation of Tfh. A high-salt diet markedly increased lupus features in MRL/lpr mice. The mechanism is NaCl-induced DNA demethylation via the recruitment of the hydroxytransferase Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2). Gene silencing of TET2 obviously diminished NaCl-induced Tfh cell polarization in vitro. In addition, the gene expression of sh2d1a, map3k1, spn and stat5b was enhanced after NaCl treatment, consistent with the findings in lupus CD4(+)T cells. However, only spn was directly regulated by TET2, and spn was not the sole target for NaCl. Our findings not only explain the epigenetic mechanisms of high-salt induced autoimmunity but also provide an attractive molecular target for intervention strategies of patients.
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