ArticleScientific reports2016
Characterization of the microbiome of nipple aspirate fluid of breast cancer survivors.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03290651 (Re-setting the Breast Microbiome to Lower Inflammation and Risk of Cancer.), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Re-setting the Breast Microbiome to Lower Inflammation and Risk of Cancer.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline for designing microbiome studies in neoplastic diseases.GeroScience · 2024Guideline
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Nipple Aspirate Fluid Cytology in Asymptomatic Patients: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Association of breast and gut microbiota dysbiosis and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control clinical study.BMC cancer · 2019Trial
- Nipple aspirate fluid-A liquid biopsy for diagnosing breast health.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2017Trial
- Nipple aspirate fluid as a proximal breast liquid biopsy platform: advancing precision risk management in breast cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- The gut-tumor connection: the role of microbiota in cancer progression and treatment strategies.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- IntratumoralAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Breast-Cancer-Derived Secretomes from MCF-7 Cells Modulate Bacterial Pathogenic Traits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A pro-carcinogenic oral microbe internalized by breast cancer cells promotes mammary tumorigenesis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Microbiome modulation of tumorigenesis and immune responses.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- The Intratumoral Microbiota in Breast Cancer: Roles in Progression, Immunity, and Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Host-microbiome interactions in breast cancer progression and treatment response.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The intratumoral microbiome in breast cancer: an actionable component of the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Gut Microbiota as a Promising Target for Breast Cancer Treatment.Current molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The human microbiome reshapes the breast cancer immune-metabolic-hormonal microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Microbiome on Breast Cancer and Regulatory Strategies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Identifying gut microbiota composition disparities in autistic individuals and their unaffected siblings: correlations with clinical characteristics.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Interaction between the breast tumor microenvironment and gut microbiome.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Mammary Gland Microbiota in Benign Breast Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The microbiome impacts human health and disease. Until recently, human breast tissue and milk were presumed to be sterile. Here, we investigated the presence of microbes in the nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and their potential association with breast cancer. We compared the NAF microbiome between women with a history of breast cancer (BC) and healthy control women (HC) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The NAF microbiome from BC and HC showed significant differences in community composition. Two Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) showed differences in relative abundances between NAF collected from BC and HC. In NAF collected from BC, there was relatively higher incidence of the genus Alistipes. By contrast, an unclassified genus from the Sphingomonadaceae family was relatively more abundant in NAF from HC. These findings reflect the ductal source DNA since there were no differences between areolar skin samples collected from BC and HC. Furthermore, the microbes associated with BC share an enzymatic activity, Beta-Glucuronidase, which may promote breast cancer. This is the first report of bacterial DNA in human breast ductal fluid and the differences between NAF from HC and BC. Further investigation of the ductal microbiome and its potential role in breast cancer are warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.