ArticleProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2016
The cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 prevents neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
Article in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoids and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Widespread activation and critical role of EMT and stemness in the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- S6K1 is a Targetable Vulnerability in Tumors Exhibiting Plasticity and Therapy Resistance.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Cannabis and cancer: unveiling the potential of a green ally in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Review
- Marijuana Use May Be Associated with Reduced Prevalence of Prostate Cancer: A National Survey on Drug Use and Health Study from United States of America.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cannabidiol Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer Cells.Journal of natural products · 2023Article
- Tetrahydrocannabinols: potential cannabimimetic agents for cancer therapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Cannabinoids as Prospective Anti-Cancer Drugs: Mechanism of Action in Healthy and Cancer Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids: An Updated Review with Future Perspectives and Current Challenges.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Anti-prostate cancer metabolites from the soil-derivedFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Endocannabinoid System and Tumour Microenvironment: New Intertwined Connections for Anticancer Approaches.Cells · 2021Review
- Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Review
- The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Various Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55212-2 Targets Proliferation, Angiogenesis, and ApoptosisFrontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Emerging Roles of Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Clinical Experimental Models.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- The Endocannabinoid System: A Target for Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Antitumor Cannabinoid Chemotypes: Structural Insights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeuroendocrine (NE) differentiation represents a common feature of prostate cancer and is associated with accelerated disease progression and poor clinical outcome. Nowadays, there is no treatment for this aggressive form of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN, a non-selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist) on the NE differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
methodsNE differentiation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells was induced by serum deprivation or by incubation with interleukin-6, for 6 days. Levels of NE markers and signaling proteins were determined by western blotting. Levels of cannabinoid receptors were determined by quantitative PCR. The involvement of signaling cascades was investigated by pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA.
resultsThe differentiated LNCaP cells exhibited neurite outgrowth, and increased the expression of the typical NE markers neuron-specific enolase and βIII tubulin (βIII Tub). Treatment with 3 μM WIN inhibited NK differentiation of LNCaP cells. The cannabinoid WIN downregulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in NE differentiation inhibition. In addition, an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was observed in WIN-treated cells, which correlated with a decrease in the NE markers expression. Our results also show that during NE differentiation the expression of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 dramatically decreases.
conclusionsTaken together, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/AMPK might be an important axis modulating NE differentiation of prostate cancer that is blocked by the cannabinoid WIN, pointing to a therapeutic potential of cannabinoids against NE prostate cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.