ReviewToxins2016
The Immunomodulator VacA Promotes Immune Tolerance and Persistent Helicobacter pylori Infection through Its Activities on T-Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells.
Review in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunokinetic signatures ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Research progress on chronic stress stimulation and gastric cancer metastasis.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Microbial oncogenesis within the gastric niche: how the gastric microbiota influencesFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Novel multiphoton intravital imaging enables real-time study of Helicobacter pylori interaction with neutrophils and macrophages in the mouse stomach.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes and clinical outcomes: a cross-sectional study in central Vietnam.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Chitosan-LeoA-DNA Nanoparticles Promoted the Efficacy of Novel LeoA-DNA Vaccination on Mice Against Helicobacter pylori.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Implications of lncRNAs inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Effect of fermentation on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Food science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- A Genetic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Phenotypes and p27 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Patients in Jordan.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- BanXiaXieXin decoction treating gastritis mice with drug-resistantWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Influence ofWorld journal of clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- CagA and VacA inhibit gastric mucosal epithelial cell autophagy and promote the progression of gastric precancerous lesions.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Biomarker Characterization and Prediction of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance fromBiomolecules · 2022Review
- Helicobacter pylori: an up-to-date overview on the virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Review
- Functional Properties of Oligomeric and Monomeric Forms of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
VacA is a pore-forming toxin that has long been known to induce vacuolization in gastric epithelial cells and to be linked to gastric disorders caused by H. pylori infection. Its role as a major colonization and persistence determinant of H. pylori is less well-understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various target cell types of VacA and its mechanism of action; specifically, we focus on the evidence showing that VacA targets myeloid cells and T-cells to directly and indirectly prevent H. pylori-specific T-cell responses and immune control of the infection. In particular, the ability of VacA-proficient H. pylori to skew T-cell responses towards regulatory T-cells and the effects of Tregs on H. pylori chronicity are highlighted. The by-stander effects of VacA-driven immunomodulation on extragastric diseases are discussed as well.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.