Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27317570›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2016

Determination of Depth-Dependent Intradermal Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Inactivated Polio Vaccine Delivered by Microinjections via Hollow Microneedles.

Pim Schipper, Koen van der Maaden, Stefan Romeijn, Cees Oomens, Gideon Kersten, Wim Jiskoot, Joke Bouwstra

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Advanced biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Pim SchipperDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koen van der MaadenDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Stefan RomeijnDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cees OomensSoft Tissue Biomechanics and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Gideon KerstenDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Wim JiskootDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Joke BouwstraDivision of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. bouwstra@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl.
Centre for Human Drug Research · NLLeiden University · NLEindhoven University of Technology · NLIntravacc (Netherlands) · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the depth-dependent intradermal immunogenicity of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) delivered by depth-controlled microinjections via hollow microneedles (HMN) and to investigate antibody response enhancing effects of IPV immunization adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 (CpG) or cholera toxin (CT).

methodsA novel applicator for HMN was designed to permit depth- and volume-controlled microinjections. The applicator was used to immunize rats intradermally with monovalent IPV serotype 1 (IPV1) at injection depths ranging from 50 to 550 μm, or at 400 μm for CpG and CT adjuvanted immunization, which were compared to intramuscular immunization.

resultsThe applicator allowed accurate microinjections into rat skin at predetermined injection depths (50-900 μm), -volumes (1-100 μL) and -rates (up to 60 μL/min) with minimal volume loss (±1-2%). HMN-mediated intradermal immunization resulted in similar IgG and virus-neutralizing antibody titers as conventional intramuscular immunization. No differences in IgG titers were observed as function of injection depth, however IgG titers were significantly increased in the CpG and CT adjuvanted groups (7-fold).

conclusionIntradermal immunogenicity of IPV1 was not affected by injection depth. CpG and CT were potent adjuvants for both intradermal and intramuscular immunization, allowing effective vaccination upon a minimally-invasive single intradermal microinjection by HMN.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, PharmaceuticAnimalsAntibodies, ViralAntibody FormationFemaleImmunoglobulin GInjections, IntradermalInjections, IntramuscularMicroinjectionsOligodeoxyribonucleotidesPoliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedRatsRats, WistarVaccinationAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, PharmaceuticAntibodies, ViralCPG-oligonucleotideImmunoglobulin GOligodeoxyribonucleotidesPoliovirus Vaccine, Inactivateddose sparinghollow microneedlesinactivated polio vaccineintradermal immunizationpoliomyelitis

Identifiers

PMID27317570
OpenAlexW2440161406

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.