Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27317560›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2016

Rationale of the Spanish FRAX model in decision-making for predicting osteoporotic fractures: an update of FRIDEX cohort of Spanish women.

Rafael Azagra, Marta Zwart, Gloria Encabo, Amada Aguyé, Juan Carlos Martin-Sánchez, Nuria Puchol-Ruiz, Paula Gabriel-Escoda, Sergio Ortiz-Alinque, Emilio Gené, Milagros Iglesias and 5 more

Abstract readComparative StudyEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The Lebanese GRADE-based vitamin D guidelines: a paradigm for the MENA region.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025
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  5. Systematic review of major osteoporotic fracture to hip fracture incidence rate ratios worldwide: implications for Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-derived estimates.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021
    Pooled it
  6. Performance of predictive tools to identify individuals at risk of non-traumatic fracture: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Rafael AzagraDepartment of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ps/Vall de Hebron 119, 08135, Barcelona, Spain.
Marta ZwartDepartment of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ps/Vall de Hebron 119, 08135, Barcelona, Spain. mzwart.girona.ics@gencat.cat.
Gloria EncaboDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Valle de Hebron Hospital, Institut Català de la Salut, Ps/Valle de Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
Amada AguyéHealth Center Granollers-Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, c/Museu 19, 08400, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain.
Juan Carlos Martin-SánchezDepartment of Basic Sciences, Biostatistics Unit, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
Nuria Puchol-RuizHealth Center Badia del Valles, Institut Català de la Salut, GROIMAP-USR MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol, c/Bética s/n, 08214, Badia del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
Paula Gabriel-EscodaHealth Center Barberà del Vallès, Institut Català de la Salut, GROIMAP-USR MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol, c/Verge de l'Assumpció s/n, 08210, Barberà del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Sergio Ortiz-AlinqueHealth Center Canaletes, Institut Català de la Salut, GROIMAP-USR MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol, c/Ps d'Horta 17, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Emilio GenéDepartment of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ps/Vall de Hebron 119, 08135, Barcelona, Spain.
Milagros IglesiasHealth Center Badia del Valles, Institut Català de la Salut, GROIMAP-USR MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol, c/Bética s/n, 08214, Badia del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
David MoriñaUnit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, Av Gran Via, 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Miguel Angel Diaz-HerreraHealth Center Cornellà 2 (Sant Ildefons), Institut Català de la Salut, GROIMAP-USR MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol, c/Republica Argentina s/n, 08940, Cornellá, Barcelona, Spain.
Mireia UtzetBiostatistics Unit, CUPESSE European Project, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ed Jaume I-Campus Ciutadella, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
Josep Maria ManresaUnitat Supor Recerca Metropolitana Nord, IDIAP Jordi Gol, ctra de Barcelona 473, 08204, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
GROIMAP study group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe FRAX® tool estimates the risk of a fragility fracture among the population and many countries have been evaluating its performance among their populations since its creation in 2007. The purpose of this study is to update the first FRIDEX cohort analysis comparing FRAX with the bone mineral density (BMD) model, and its predictive abilities.

methodsThe discriminatory ability of the FRAX was assessed using the 'area under curve' of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC). Predictive ability was assessed by comparing estimated risk fractures with incidence fractures after a 10-year follow up period.

resultsOne thousand three hundred eight women ≥ 40 and ≤ 90 years followed up during a 10-year period. The AUC for major osteoporotic fractures using FRAX without DXA was 0.686 (95 % CI 0.630-0.742) and using FN T-score of DXA 0.714 (95 % CI 0.661-0.767). Using only the traditional parameters of DXA (FN T-score), the AUC was 0.706 (95 % CI 0.652-0.760). The AUC for hip osteoporotic fracture was 0.883 (95 % CI 0.827-0.938), 0.857 (95 % CI 0.773-0.941), and 0.814 (95 % CI 0.712-0.916) respectively. For major osteoporotic fractures, the overall predictive value using the ratio Observed fractures/Expected fractures calculated with FRAX without T-score of DXA was 2.29 and for hip fractures 2.28 and with the inclusion of the T-score 2.01 and 1.83 respectively. However, for hip fracture in women < 65 years was 1.53 and 1.24 respectively.

conclusionsThe FRAX tool has been found to show a good discriminatory capacity for detecting women at high risk of fragility fracture, and is better for hip fracture than major fracture. The test of sensibility shows that it is, at least, not inferior than when using BMD model alone. The predictive capacity of FRAX tool needs some adjustment. This capacity is better for hip fracture prediction and better for women < 65 years. Further studies in Catalonia and other regions of Spain are needed to fine tune the FRAX tool's predictive capability.

Indexed as

Bone DensityAbsorptiometry, PhotonAgedAlgorithmsArea Under CurveClinical Decision-MakingFemaleFemur NeckFollow-Up StudiesHip FracturesHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedOsteoporotic FracturesPredictive Value of TestsRisk AssessmentAlgorithmFractureFRAXFRIDEXOsteoporosisStudy cohort

Identifiers

PMID27317560
PMCPMC4912785

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.