ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Atypical aetiology in patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia is associated with age, gender and season; a data-analysis on four Dutch cohorts.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The CAPISCE-Trial: Community-Acquired Pneumonia; an Intervention Study With Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone Infusion in Community-acquired Pneumonia
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical features and prognostic predictors of C. Psittaci Pneumonia: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of pneumonia among residents living near goat and poultry farms during 2014-2016.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Pooled it
- Etiology and efficacy of anti-microbial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospital admission in Ukraine.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Trial
- Article
- Review
- Comparison of Typical and Atypical Community Acquired Pneumonia Cases in Hospitalized Patients in Two Tertiary Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of initial empirical antibiotic regimens in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a network meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- Pneumonia Caused byInternational medical case reports journal · 2024Article
- Psittacosis caused severe community-acquired pneumonia accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia using the Pneumonia Severity IndexERJ open research · 2023Article
- High-Dose Tigecycline for the Treatment of Progressive Pneumonia Caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Omadacycline for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Three Cases of Atypical Pneumonia withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Beta-Lactam Plus Macrolide for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Difference Between Autumn and Spring.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- SevereInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Use of Antibiotics among Residents Living Close to Poultry or Goat Farms: A Nationwide Analysis in The Netherlands.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Clinical Symptoms and Outcomes of Severe Pneumonia Caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Frequency ofNew microbes and new infections · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicroorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be categorised into viral, typical and atypical (Legionella species, Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia species). Extensive microbiological testing to identify the causative microorganism is not standardly recommended, and empiric treatment does not always cover atypical pathogens. In order to optimize epidemiologic knowledge of CAP and to improve empiric antibiotic choice, we investigated whether atypical microorganisms are associated with a particular season or with the patient characteristics age, gender, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
methodsA data-analysis was performed on databases from four prospective studies, which all included adult patients hospitalised with CAP in the Netherlands (N = 980). All studies performed extensive microbiological testing.
resultsA main causative agent was identified in 565/980 (57.7 %) patients. Of these, 117 (20.7 %) were atypical microorganisms. This percentage was 40.4 % (57/141) during the non-respiratory season (week 20 to week 39, early May to early October), and 67.2 % (41/61) for patients under the age of 60 during this season. Factors that were associated with atypical causative agents were: CAP acquired in the non-respiratory season (odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95 % CI 2.68-6.84), age <60 year (OR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.83-4.66), male gender (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.06-2.71) and absence of COPD (OR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.12-0.52).
conclusionsAtypical causative agents in CAP are associated with respectively non-respiratory season, age <60 years, male gender and absence of COPD. Therefore, to maximise its yield, extensive microbiological testing should be considered in patients <60 years old who are admitted with CAP from early May to early October.
trial registrationNCT00471640 , NCT00170196 (numbers of original studies).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.