ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Epidemiological and economic burden of Clostridium difficile in the United States: estimates from a modeling approach.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01241552 (A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Design Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Infusion of MK-3415), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Design Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Infusion of MK-3415 (Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin A), MK-6072 (Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin B), and MK-3415A (Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and Toxin B) in Patients Receiving Antibiotic Therapy for Clostridium Difficile Infection (MODIFY I)
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Omadacycline andThe Annals of pharmacotherapy · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental Cleaning and Decontamination to Prevent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review.Journal of patient safety · 2020Pooled it
- A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) and Algorithms Including NAATs for the Diagnosis ofClinical microbiology reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Competing Treatment Strategies for Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- CLOVER (CLOstridium difficile Vaccine Efficacy tRial) Study: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of a Detoxified Toxin A/B Vaccine in Adults 50 Years and Older at Increased Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of Bio-K+ for the prevention ofInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Trial
- Thirty-Day Readmissions in Hospitalized Patients Who Received Bezlotoxumab With Antibacterial Drug Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Identification and Characterization of Patient Populations at High Risk for Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI): A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Reliable delineation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use for Gastroprotection and Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Does Not Increase the Risk ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Budget Impact Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Spores, Live-brpk (Formerly SER-109) for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Unique growth and morphology properties of Clade 5bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Unique growth and morphology properties of Clade 5 Clostridioides difficile strains revealed by single-cell time-lapse microscopy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Phase I trial comparing bile acid and short-chain fatty acid alterations in stool collected from human subjects treated with omadacycline or vancomycin.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Differential gene expression analysis shows that cephalosporin resistance is intrinsic to Clostridioides difficile strain 630.The Journal of antibiotics · 2025Article
- Multi-drug resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Costs and Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Germany: A Retrospective Health Claims Data Analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Incidence, healthcare and out-of-pocket costs, and mortality ofAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life Impact of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm: A Post Hoc Analysis of PUNCH CD3 Patients at First Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite a large increase in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) severity, morbidity and mortality in the US since the early 2000s, CDI burden estimates have had limited generalizability and comparability due to widely varying clinical settings, populations, or study designs.
methodsA decision-analytic model incorporating key input parameters important in CDI epidemiology was developed to estimate the annual number of initial and recurrent CDI cases, attributable and all-cause deaths, economic burden in the general population, and specific number of high-risk patients in different healthcare settings and the community in the US. Economic burden was calculated adopting a societal perspective using a bottom-up approach that identified healthcare resources consumed in the management of CDI.
resultsAnnually, a total of 606,058 (439,237 initial and 166,821 recurrent) episodes of CDI were predicted in 2014: 34.3 % arose from community exposure. Over 44,500 CDI-attributable deaths in 2014 were estimated to occur. High-risk susceptible individuals representing 5 % of the total hospital population accounted for 23 % of hospitalized CDI patients. The economic cost of CDI was $5.4 billion ($4.7 billion (86.7 %) in healthcare settings; $725 million (13.3 %) in the community), mostly due to hospitalization.
conclusionsA modeling framework provides more comprehensive and detailed national-level estimates of CDI cases, recurrences, deaths and cost in different patient groups than currently available from separate individual studies. As new treatments for CDI are developed, this model can provide reliable estimates to better focus healthcare resources to those specific age-groups, risk-groups, and care settings in the US where they are most needed. (Trial Identifier ClinicaTrials.gov: NCT01241552).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.