Trial reportJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2016
Improvement in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Associated with More Favorable Energy Density and Nutrient and Food Group Intake, but not Kilocalories.
Trial report in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mobile- and Web-Based Interventions for Promoting Healthy Diets, Preventing Obesity, and Improving Health Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The ALINFA Intervention Improves Diet Quality and Nutritional Status in Children 6 to 12 Years Old.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Effects of thePublic health nutrition · 2020Trial
- The effectiveness of asking behaviors among 9-11 year-old children in increasing home availability and children's intake of fruit and vegetables: results from the Squire's Quest II self-regulation game intervention.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness of differing levels of support for family meals on obesity prevention among head start preschoolers: the simply dinner study.BMC public health · 2017Trial
- Energy Density and Level of Processing of Packaged Food and Beverages Intended for Consumption by Australian Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Factors Related to High-School Students' Odds of Having Overweight or Obesity.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Frequency and distribution of dietary energy, vegetable, fruit and discretionary food intakes in 18-month-old Australian children.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Technological tools for assessing children's food intake: a scoping review.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Energy Density of New Food Products Targeted to Children.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Mother's Fruit Preferences and Consumption Support Similar Attitudes and Behaviors in Their Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Dietary intake in the early years and its relationship to BMI in a bi-ethnic group: the Born in Bradford 1000 study.Public health nutrition · 2018Article
- High Fat and Sugar Consumption During Ad Libitum Intake Predicts Weight Gain.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2018Article
- The baseline characteristics of parents and African American girls in an online obesity prevention program: A feasibility study.Preventive medicine reports · 2017Article
- Incorporating Behavioral Techniques into a Serious Videogame for Children.Games for health journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren generally do not consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables (F/V). Eating more F/V can improve energy density and overall diet quality.
objectiveOur aim was to investigate whether improvements in F/V consumption were associated with improvements in energy density, total calories, and dietary components related to F/V.
designWe performed secondary analyses of dietary data from a successful four-group randomized controlled trial promoting F/V. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after gameplay, and 3 months post intervention. PARTICIPANTS/
settingPreadolescent child-parent dyads (n=400) were recruited. Eligibility criteria were 4th- or 5th-grade child (approximately 9 to 11 years old) with Internet access and a parent willing to participate in the intervention. Complete dietary data were collected on 387 of the 400 child participants. The videogame was available online on a secure, password-protected website.
main outcome measuresDietary intake was assessed with three unannounced dietary recalls collected at each data-collection period via telephone by trained staff using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Energy density and F/V, nutrient, and food consumption were calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: A 4×3 (group by time) repeated measures analysis of covariance with mixed-effect linear models was used. Covariates included child's sex, race/ethnicity, and total energy intake as well as parent's age and household education. Energy was excluded as a covariate in the energy density and energy models.
resultsSignificant changes occurred in energy density. A significant interaction (group by time) was observed (F6, 515=2.40; P<0.05) in energy density from food only, while a significant time effect was observed for energy density from all foods and beverages (F2, 388=13.75; P<0.0001). Desirable changes were also observed in F/V-related dietary components.
conclusionsIncreasing F/V consumption improved energy density and diet quality considerably in preadolescent children.
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