ArticleVirology2016
Comparing the functions of equine and canine influenza H3N8 virus PA-X proteins: Suppression of reporter gene expression and modulation of global host gene expression.
Article in Virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Cut site preference allows influenza A virus PA-X to discriminate between host and viral mRNAs.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Could Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Govern the Outcome of an Equine Influenza Virus Infection? Learning from Other Species.Viruses · 2021Review
- Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- The influenza A virus host shutoff factor PA-X is rapidly turned over in a strain-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Truncation of PA-X Contributes to Virulence and Transmission of H3N8 and H3N2 Canine Influenza Viruses in Dogs.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- An R195K Mutation in the PA-X Protein Increases the Virulence and Transmission of Influenza A Virus in Mammalian Hosts.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- PA-X: a key regulator of influenza A virus pathogenicity and host immune responses.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2018Review
- Functional Evolution of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus NS1 and PA in Humans.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Host Shutoff in Influenza A Virus: Many Means to an End.Viruses · 2018Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- The K186E Amino Acid Substitution in the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 NS1 Protein Restores Its Ability To Inhibit Host Gene Expression.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Interplay of PA-X and NS1 Proteins in Replication and Pathogenesis of a Temperature-Sensitive 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus.Journal of virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The influenza PA-X protein is translated from the PA open reading frame from frameshifting and suppresses cellular gene expression due to its ribonuclease activity. We further defined the functional roles of PA-X by comparing PA-X proteins from two related viruses - equine influenza (EIV) and canine influenza (CIV) H3N8 - that differ in a C-terminal truncation and internal mutations. In vitro reporter gene assays revealed that both proteins were able to suppress gene expression. Interestingly, EIV PA-X demonstrated ~50% greater activity compared to CIV PA-X, and we identified the mutations that caused this difference. We used RNA-seq to evaluate the effects of PA-X on host gene expression after transfection into cultured cells. There were no significant differences in this property between EIV and CIV PA-X proteins, but expression of either resulted in the up-regulation of genes when compared to controls, most notably immunity-related proteins, trafficking proteins, and transcription factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.