ArticleGlia2016
Microglial phagocytosis and activation underlying photoreceptor degeneration is regulated by CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.
Article in Glia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers.
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Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of minocycline in retinitis pigmentosa: a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Trial
- Retinitis pigmentosa elicits neurodegeneration within the visual pathway in REEP6 knockout mice.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- TREM2 restrains myeloid inflammasome activation to protect against photoreceptor degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Integrated Proteomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor Reveals Inflammatory Signatures in Retinitis Pigmentosa.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Glaucoma and Autoimmunity: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The aging eye: navigating molecular mechanisms and innovative interventions.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Microglia detection and phagocytosis of dying neurons is regulated by CX3CR1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk Between R-Loops, RNA/DNA Modifications, and Cell Death Dynamics in Canine Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Microglial CX3CR1 deficiency regulates the selective vulnerability of cone photoreceptors via STAT3/CCL-ACKR1 signaling in the mouse retina.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting the CCL7-STAT1 axis attenuates microglial neurotoxicity and photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- GPR40 Attenuates Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Suppressing Retinal Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Via ERK Signaling.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Photoreceptor outer segments promote the accumulation of lipid droplets in microglia by reprogramming lipid metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Estrogen receptor 1 activation suppresses microglia-derived Tnf-α signaling as a photoreceptor self-protection mechanism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Temporal biphasic regulation of photoreceptor degeneration by microglial TREM2: A metabolic-immune nexus in retinitis pigmentosa.Science advances · 2025Article
- Minocycline treatment reduces the activation of mononuclear phagocytes and improves retinal function in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- AAV-mediated STC-1 expression mitigates neuroinflammation and preserves visual function in degenerative retinopathy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The role of efferocytosis in ischemic stroke and insights from retinopathy.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Dual-targeting CSF1R signaling attenuates neurotoxic myeloid activation and preserves photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex differences on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization and short-chain fatty acid treatment in a mouse model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of mutation-bearing photoreceptors, is a significant cause of incurable blindness in the young worldwide. Recent studies have found that activated retinal microglia contribute to photoreceptor demise via phagocytosis and proinflammatory factor production, however mechanisms regulating these contributions are not well-defined. In this study, we investigate the role of CX3CR1, a microglia-specific receptor, in regulating microglia-mediated degeneration using the well-established rd10 mouse model of RP. We found that in CX3CR1-deficient (CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) ) rd10 mice microglial infiltration into the photoreceptor layer was significantly augmented and associated with accelerated photoreceptor apoptosis and atrophy compared with CX3CR1-sufficient (CX3CR1(GFP/+) ) rd10 littermates. CX3CR1-deficient microglia demonstrated increased phagocytosis as evidenced by (1) having increased numbers of phagosomes in vivo, (2) an increased rate of phagocytosis of fluorescent beads and photoreceptor cellular debris in vitro, and (3) increased photoreceptor phagocytosis dynamics on live cell imaging in retinal explants, indicating that CX3CR1 signaling in microglia regulates the phagocytic clearance of at-risk photoreceptors. We also found that CX3CR1 deficiency in retinal microglia was associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation markers. Significantly, increasing CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling in the rd10 retina via exogenous intravitreal delivery of recombinant CX3CL1 was effective in (1) decreasing microglial infiltration, phagocytosis and activation, and (2) improving structural and functional features of photoreceptor degeneration. These results indicate that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling is a molecular mechanism capable of modulating microglial-mediated degeneration and represents a potential molecular target in therapeutic approaches to RP. GLIA 2016;64:1479-1491.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.