ArticleFood and environmental virology2016
Frequent Detection and Genetic Diversity of Human Bocavirus in Urban Sewage Samples.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Sewage, Surface Waters, and Other Environmental Milieux: A Meta-regression Modelling.Food and environmental virology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of human bocavirus as food safety risk in shellfish.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Tracking the occurrence and fate of human bocavirus 2 in municipal wastewater from a small city.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- First Report of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1-3 in Argentine Wastewater and Insights into Community Circulation.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Molecular detection and characterization of human bocavirus in environmental waters in Thailand from 2020 to 2022.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Article
- Contamination of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Environmental Waters in Thailand.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Predominance of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1 and 2 in Oysters in Thailand.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Occurrence of various viruses and recent evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater systems.Journal of hazardous materials · 2021Review
- Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2021Review
- Article
- Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment.Water research · 2020Review
- Predominance of Human Bocavirus Genotype 1 and 3 in Outpatient Children with Diarrhea from Rural Communities in South Africa, 2017-2018.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The First Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Raw Sewage and Mussels in South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Human Bocavirus: Detection, Quantification and Molecular Characterization in Sewage and Surface Waters in Uruguay.Food and environmental virology · 2018Article
- Genetic Diversity Among Genogroup II Noroviruses and Progressive Emergence of GII.17 in Wastewaters in Italy (2011-2016) Revealed by Next-Generation and Sanger Sequencing.Food and environmental virology · 2018Article
- Regional, age and respiratory-secretion-specific prevalence of respiratory viruses associated with asthma exacerbation: a literature review.Archives of virology · 2018Review
- Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Relative Abundance of Human Bocaviruses in Urban Sewage in Greater Cairo, Egypt.Food and environmental virology · 2017Article
- Structural Insights into Human Bocaparvoviruses.Journal of virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence and genetic diversity of human bocaviruses (HBoVs) in sewage water samples are largely unknown. In this study, 134 raw sewage samples from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Italy were analyzed by nested PCR and sequencing using species-specific primer pairs and broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1/VP2. A large number of samples (106, 79.1 %) were positive for HBoV. Out of these, 49 were classified as HBoV species 2, and 27 as species 3. For the remaining 30 samples, sequencing results showed mixed electropherograms. By cloning PCR amplicons and sequencing, we confirmed the copresence of species 2 and 3 in 29 samples and species 2 and 4 in only one sample. A real-time PCR assay was also performed, using a newly designed TaqMan assay, for quantification of HBoVs in sewage water samples. Viral load quantification ranged from 5.51E+03 to 1.84E+05 GC/L (mean value 4.70E+04 GC/L) for bocavirus 2 and from 1.89E+03 to 1.02E+05 GC/L (mean value 2.27E+04 GC/L) for bocavirus 3. The wide distribution of HBoV in sewages suggests that this virus is common in the population, and the most prevalent are the species 2 and 3. HBoV-4 was also found, representing the first detection of this species in Italy. Although there is no indication of waterborne transmission for HBoV, the significant presence in sewage waters suggests that HBoV may spread to other water environments, and therefore, a potential role of water in the HBoV transmission should not be neglected.
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