Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27311574›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular drugs and therapy2016

Vasodilator Therapy: Nitrates and Nicorandil.

Jason M Tarkin, Juan Carlos Kaski

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Contemporary Antianginal Therapy.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Guideline for Chronic Coronary Syndrome - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jason M TarkinDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 QQ, UK.
Juan Carlos KaskiCardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE, UK. jkaski@sgul.ac.uk.
Addenbrooke's Hospital · GBSt George's, University of London · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitrates have been used to treat symptoms of chronic stable angina for over 135 years. These drugs are known to activate nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine-3',-5'-monophasphate (cGMP) signaling pathways underlying vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation, albeit many questions relating to how nitrates work at the cellular level remain unanswered. Physiologically, the anti-angina effects of nitrates are mostly due to peripheral venous dilatation leading to reduction in preload and therefore left ventricular wall stress, and, to a lesser extent, epicardial coronary artery dilatation and lowering of systemic blood pressure. By counteracting ischemic mechanisms, short-acting nitrates offer rapid relief following an angina attack. Long-acting nitrates, used commonly for angina prophylaxis are recommended second-line, after beta-blockers and calcium channel antagonists. Nicorandil is a balanced vasodilator that acts as both NO donor and arterial K(+) ATP channel opener. Nicorandil might also exhibit cardioprotective properties via mitochondrial ischemic preconditioning. While nitrates and nicorandil are effective pharmacological agents for prevention of angina symptoms, when prescribing these drugs it is important to consider that unwanted and poorly tolerated hemodynamic side-effects such as headache and orthostatic hypotension can often occur owing to systemic vasodilatation. It is also necessary to ensure that a dosing regime is followed that avoids nitrate tolerance, which not only results in loss of drug efficacy, but might also cause endothelial dysfunction and increase long-term cardiovascular risk. Here we provide an update on the pharmacological management of chronic stable angina using nitrates and nicorandil.

Indexed as

Angina, StableHumansNicorandilNitratesNitric Oxide DonorsVasodilator AgentsNicorandilNitratesNitric Oxide DonorsVasodilator AgentsNicorandilNitratesStable anginaVasodilators

Identifiers

PMID27311574
PMCPMC5658472
OpenAlexW2442275783

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.