Evidence map›GLP-1 receptor agonists × glycemic control›PMID 27311491›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2016

Once-Daily Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Michael Nauck, Manfredi Rizzo, Andrew Johnson, Heidrun Bosch-Traberg, Jesper Madsen, Bertrand Cariou

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2016. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it . It reports registered trial NCT01973231. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

2numbers the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
19.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-1.500 · no effect
Glycemic controlfavours the treatment · head-to-head · obesity, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -1.15-1.50 to -0.80P < 0.0001
Liraglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -1.15 mmol/L [95% CI -1.5; -0.8]; P < 0.0001).
FeedsGLP-1 receptor agonists×glycemic control

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Glycemic controlcomparator not stated · obesity, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.62-0.80 to -0.40P < 0.0001
RESULTS: At week 26, liraglutide reduced HbA1c (primary end point) more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -0.62% [95% CI -0.8; -0.4]; P < 0.0001), with more patients reaching HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) versus lixisenatide (74.2% and 54.6% for liraglutide vs. 45.5% and 26.2% for lixisenatide; P < 0.0001 for both).
FeedsGLP-1 receptor agonists×glycemic control

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

GLP-1 receptor agonists×glycemic control

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 89 favour the treatment, 16 find no difference, 10 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.90replicated · 63 families support, 7 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper404 enrolled · 2013
Δ -1.15-1.50 to -0.80
NCT017204463,297 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.66-0.80 to -0.52
NCT036893742,274 enrolled · 2018
Δ -0.29-0.38 to -0.20
NCT039879191,879 enrolled · 2019
Δ -0.51-0.64 to -0.38
NCT026078651,864 enrolled · 2016
Δ -0.50-0.60 to -0.40
NCT013360231,663 enrolled · 2011
Treatment contrast -0.64-0.75 to -0.53
NCT040178321,441 enrolled · 2019
Δ -0.20-0.30 to -0.10
NCT018365231,398 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.20-0.32 to -0.07
NCT019301881,231 enrolled · 2013
Δ -1.06-1.21 to -0.91
NCT007344741,202 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.71-0.87 to -0.55
NCT020581471,170 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.29-0.38 to -0.19
NCT003184611,091 enrolled · 2006
Δ -1.09-1.30 to -0.88
NCT021289321,089 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.81-0.96 to -0.67
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01973231 phase4completed

Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2013Enrolled404Registered outcomes7Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsliraglutide, lixisenatide
Open the trial in the graph
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

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6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Michael NauckDivision of Diabetology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany michael.nauck@rub.de.
Manfredi RizzoBiomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Andrew JohnsonDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K.
Heidrun Bosch-TrabergNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Jesper MadsenNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Bertrand CariouDepartment of Endocrinology, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKInstitut du Thorax · FRRuhr University Bochum · DEUniversity of Palermo · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

objectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving adequate glycemic control on metformin alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn this 26-week, randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial, 404 patients were randomized 1:1 to liraglutide 1.8 mg or lixisenatide 20 µg as add-on to metformin. Liraglutide was administered once daily at any time of the day. Lixisenatide was administered once daily within 1 h prior to the morning or evening meal.

resultsAt week 26, liraglutide reduced HbA1c (primary end point) more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -0.62% [95% CI -0.8; -0.4]; P < 0.0001), with more patients reaching HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) versus lixisenatide (74.2% and 54.6% for liraglutide vs. 45.5% and 26.2% for lixisenatide; P < 0.0001 for both). Liraglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -1.15 mmol/L [95% CI -1.5; -0.8]; P < 0.0001). Liraglutide provided greater reduction in mean 9-point self-measured plasma glucose (P < 0.0001). However, postprandial glucose increments were smaller with lixisenatide for the meal directly after injection compared with liraglutide (P < 0.05), with no differences between treatments across all meals. Both drugs promoted similar body weight decrease (-4.3 kg for liraglutide, -3.7 kg for lixisenatide; P = 0.23). The most common adverse events in both groups were gastrointestinal disorders. Greater increases in pulse, lipase, and amylase were observed with liraglutide. Hypoglycemic episodes were rare and similar between the two treatments.

conclusionsAt the dose levels studied, liraglutide was more effective than lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in improving glycemic control. Body weight reductions were similar. Both treatments were well tolerated, with low risk of hypoglycemia and similar gastrointestinal adverse event profiles.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseBody WeightDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 ReceptorGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMaleBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 ReceptorGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutidelixisenatideMetforminPeptides

Identifiers

PMID27311491
OpenAlexW2443999297

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.